离心力对旋叶式分离器壁面液膜界面不稳定性的影响

本文对旋转流场条件下离心力对旋叶式分离器壁面液膜界面不稳定性的影响规律进行了理论研究。首先利用势函数对汽液两相的动量方程和连续方程进行线性化处理。然后通过对无黏条件下液膜界面的受力分析,获得汽液界面的动力学边界条件和运动学边界条件,结合线性化方程组建立液膜界面波的色散方程。根据力平衡原理获得了液膜运动规律,并结合色散方程建立了界面不稳定发生的判定准则关系式。基于所获得的理论模型编写计算程序,对界面稳定性进行计算分析。研究发现,旋转流场条件下的离心力能够抑制旋叶式分离器壁面液膜界面不稳定的发生。     

Solids concentration simulation of different size particles in a cyclone separator

To deepen our knowledge of the flow in cyclones, the solids concentrations of different size particles in a scroll cyclone separator were numerically simulated by using the Lagrange approach on the platform of commercial CFD software package, FLUENT 6.1. The numerical calculations visualize that there exists a spiral dust strand near the cyclone wall and a dust ring beneath the cyclone top plate. There are two regions in the radial solids concentration distribution, with which the solids concentration is low in the inner region (r/R(dimensionless radial position) ≤ 0.75) and increases greatly in the outer region (r/R > 0.75). Large particles generally have higher concentration in the wall region and small particles have higher concentration in inner vortex region. The axial distribution of the solids concentration in the inner vortex region (r/R ≤ 0.3) shows that serious fine particle re-entrainment exists within the height of 0.5 D (cyclone diameter) above the dust discharge port. We study the effect of solids particle on the gas flow field by two-way couple. The concepts of back-mixing rate, first escaping rate and second escaping rate are proposed for quantifying the local flow phenomena.     

旋风分离器入口结构改进及其对“短路流量”的影响

常规切向进口旋风分离器的气流进入旋风分离器后必定要经过排气芯管外壁和筒体内壁之间,因此不可避免会使得相当一部分气流没有经过分离空间而直接从排气芯管底部排出(短路流量),这也是影响旋风分离器分离效率的重要因素之一。在前人工作的基础上,对旋风分离器的进口结构进行了改进:使得旋风分离器的入口具有一定截面角,并借助数值计算技术,分别对传统的和具有一定入口截面角旋风分离器内的三维流场进行了数值模拟,计算了芯管底部的"短路流量",结果表明:进口具有一定截面角可以明显减小芯管底部的"短路流量",这对改善旋风分离器的分离效率具有重要的实际意义。     

旋流耦合膜分离澄清糖浆的实验研究

研究旋流器耦合膜分离过程澄清糖浆的效果:分析原始糖浆和分离过程糖浆中粒子粒径分布情况;对比2种膜的膜通量变化情况和混浊度去除率。结果表明:在0.05 MPa压力下,稳定膜通量5 U为0.87 m3/m2.h,10 U膜为1.83 m3/m2.h;混浊度平均去除率5 U膜为16.73%,10 U为29.53%。     

重油催化裂化装置再生器的设计

再生器是重油催化裂化装置中的关键设备,再生器设计的成功与否,将直接关系到装置能否高效、长周期地运行。随着诸多新技术、新工艺的不断出现,装置的大型化对再生器设备的设计、制造、安装、运行提出了更高的要求。该文就重油催化裂化装置再生器的结构设计、选材的考虑、壳体应力腐蚀预防措施等问题进行了较详细的论述和分析。     

入口挡板对旋风分离器内流动分布影响的试验研究

运用七孔球探针对直切型旋风分离器及入口加挡板结构进行了流场的测量,并对其内部流场进行了研究,指出了随挡板角度变化,流场的变化规律,结果表明随挡板角度变大,切向速度提高,切向速度峰值位置沿径向外移,下行流的轴向速度提高,上行流的轴向速度降低.     

Modeling, analysis and optimization of aircyclones using artificial neural network, response surface methodology and CFD simulation approaches

The pressure drop is an important performance parameter to evaluate and design cyclone separators. In order to accurately predict the complex non linear relationships between pressure drop and geometrical dimensions, a radial basis neural network (RBFNN) is developed and employed to model the pressure drop for cyclone separators. The neural network has been trained and tested by experimental data available in literature. The result demonstrates that artificial neural networks can offer an alternative and powerful approach to model the cyclone pressure drop. Four mathematical models (Muschelknautz method “MM”, Stairmand, Ramachandran and Shepherd & Lapple) have been tested against the experimental values. The residual error (the difference between the experimental value and the model value) of the MM model is the lowest. The analysis indicates the significant effect of the vortex finder diameter D_x and the vortex finder length S, the inlet width b and the total height H_t. The response surface methodology has been used to fit a second order polynomial to the RBFNN. The second order polynomial has been used to get a new optimized cyclone for minimum pressure drop using the Nelder-Mead optimization technique. A comparison between the new design and the standard Stairmand design has been performed using CFD simulation. CFD results show that the new cyclone design is very close to the Stairmand high efficiency design in the geometrical parameter ratio, and superior for low pressure drop at nearly the same cut-off diameter. The new cyclone design results in nearly 75% of the pressure drop obtained by the old Stairmand design at the same volume flow rate.     

环流式旋风除尘器内颗粒运动的数值模拟

采用CFD软件Fluent提供的雷诺应力模型（RSM）和随机轨道模型,对环流式旋风除尘器内颗粒运动轨迹进行了数值模拟研究。预测了不同粒径颗粒的运动轨迹和分离效率。结果表明：颗粒在环流式旋风除尘器内的运动路径比常规除尘器长;特殊的流路设计,避免了常规旋风除尘器易产生的上灰环和颗粒短路问题,使除尘效率大幅度提高;除尘器内颗粒运动有较强的随机性,尤其对于小颗粒,受气流湍动影响显著。对不同粒径颗粒分离效率的预测表明：环流式旋风除尘器的分割粒径为1．25μm。     

HHZ新型旋流器提高粗颗粒充填尾砂产率的试验研究

进行了直径为100 mm的3种不同结构旋流器实验室研究,比较了多锥角的HHZ新型旋流器与标准的10°、20°旋流器的差异,以此为依据,设计了参数可变化的用于工业试验的多锥角旋流器HHZ150,并与CZ150旋流器进行了对比试验,研究证明了HHZ旋流器可以在直径、工艺条件相同时降低分离粒度,达到提高沉砂的固体产率、增加用于充填的粗颗粒尾砂产量的目的。     

用短锥旋流器分选黄铁矿的试验研究

黄铁矿通常用浮选的方法回收 ,本文通过对黄铁矿、脉石物理性能的研究 ,用重选使黄铁矿和脉石实现分离 ,对主要分离设备———短锥旋流器的工作原理及效果进行了探讨。试验表明 ,短锥旋流器是黄铁矿分离的有效设备。