桩承式路堤土拱效应颗粒流分析

土拱效应是桩承式路堤中荷载传递机制中的关键因素。参照前人室内模型试验,采用颗粒流软件PFC2D建立离散元（DEM ）数值模型,对桩承式路堤中的接触力分布、主应力偏转、竖向位移和侧向位移等进行深入分析。模拟中,路堤填料和桩间土采用Disk单元模拟,桩和模型箱采用Wall单元模拟,路堤DEM 模型采用分层压实法生成;路堤填料细观参数通过建立数值双轴试验进行标定,桩间土细观参数通过建立数值压缩试验进行标定。模拟结果表明：桩承式路堤中土拱由多个不同圆心的半球形拱共同组成,拱的高度约为5（ s－ a）／6;在该高度内路堤中的主应力发生明显偏转,竖向位移量和侧向位移量较大。     

综合录井井下三维地层可视化建模研究与实现

针对综合录井井下地层特点,采用多层DEM三维可视化模型对地下地质环境进行三维描述,实现综合录井三维地层实时显示.将三维坐标投影转换到二维坐标系中,采用二维Delaunay剖分改进算法构建Delaunay三角网;探讨了剖分后的不规则三角网(TIN)到格网的转换和插值以及通过格网DEM构建三维地层;介绍了根据选择的剖切面方程生成地质体的剖面.系统采用VC++6.0和OPENGL图形接口作为开发平台,可以从任意的角度对剖切开的三维地质体进行观察和分析也能够从任意的角度对三维地质体整体进行观察、缩放和剖切等操作.     

DEM与空间叠加分析在土地定量评价中的研究

以湖北省建始县为例，研究了海拔、坡度和坡向与该区农业生产条件的关系，建立了土地适宜性评价模型。在MapGIS支持下，该文综合应用数字高程模型（DEM）及空间叠加分析技术实现了该模型在土地适宜性评价中的应用。实践表明，该数字化定量评价方法所得的结果与实际情况相符，具有高效、准确和可视化的特点，可为政府决策提供支持。     

基于DEM的水库三维可视化研究

利用库区纸质地形图建立了高精度的数字高程模型，进行了精度分析、地形因子分析、可视性分析和库容计算。并结合ASP和VRML技术实现了基于网络的三维可视化系统，包括计算结果可视化与查询、图形数据可视化和库区虚拟场景可视化。实现了对深层次水利信息的获取和形象表达。     

Effect of rock mass structure and block size on the slope stability--Physical modeling and discrete element simulation

This paper studies the stability of jointed rock slopes by using our improved three-dimensional discrete element methods (DEM) and physical modeling. Results show that the DEM can simulate all failure modes of rock slopes with different joint configurations. The stress in each rock block is not homogeneous and blocks rotate in failure development. Failure modes depend on the configuration of joints. Toppling failure is observed for the slope with straight joints and sliding failure is observed for the slope with staged joints. The DEM results are also compared with those of limit equilibrium method (LEM). Without considering the joints in rock masses, the LEM predicts much higher factor of safety than physical modeling and DEM. The failure mode and factor of safety predicted by the DEM are in good agreement with laboratory tests for any jointed rock slope.     

地形三维可视化的实现与应用

文中讨论了地形三维可视化的原理，详细介绍了高级编程语言与OpenGL结合开发环境下的地形三维可视化的计算机实现过程。在此基础之上，讨论了基于GRID DEM的应用分析功能的实现,包括等高线、坡度图、通视分析以及淹没分析。为三维地形可视化的实施提出了有效的方案。     

大规模三维场景可视化的数据组织方法研究

针对大规模三维场景的可视化问题，文章提出了以数据分割和动态调度为主要思想的解决方案，并重点对空间数据组织方法进行了研究和实践，提出通过数据的预处理和编码机制将空间数据组织成金字塔形的数据库结构，以支持动态的数据调度和绘制。文中通过具体应用的实例证明了该数据组织方法的有效性。     

NASA EOS Terra ASTER: Volcanic topographic mapping and capability

Up-to-date, accurate topographic data are a crucial resource for volcanic research and risk mitigation efforts, in particular, for modeling volcanic flow processes at a detailed spatial resolution. In this paper, we examine the utility of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument currently operating on the NASA Terra satellite, which provides near infrared (VNIR) stereo imaging from which topography can be derived. We wrote software to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) from the ASTER level 1A product, which employs an automated stereo matching technique to calculate the parallax offsets between the images acquired by the nadir- and aft-looking sensors. Comparison of ASTER DEMs with DEMs derived from other sources (digitized 1:50 K topographic maps and aerial interferometric radar) at Ruapehu volcano reveal an RMS error of about 10 m for the ASTER DEM, in the absence of significant atmospheric water vapor. A qualitative assessment of surface features showed that the ASTER DEM is superior to the interpolated 1:50 K map product but falls short of the detail provided by aerial interferometric radar, especially in terms of stream channel preservation. A second ASTER DEM was generated for Taranaki volcano, where previously only 1:50 K topographic map data were available. Although the 2000 Space Shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) will largely remedy the previous global paucity of adequate topographic data at volcanoes, such as Taranaki, we anticipate the problem that at active volcanoes, the topography may change significantly following activity, rendering the SRTM data inaccurate. With the high temporal coverage of the dataset, ASTER not only provides a means to update significant (>10 m) topographic measurements at active volcanoes via a time-series of DEMs, but also provides a simultaneous means to map surface cover and localized land-use via the near infrared sensors. Thus we demonstrate the potential for up-to-date volcanic economic risk assessment using geographic information systems (GIS) analysis.     

Predicting dust emissions – Experimental study compared to coupled DEM/CFD simulations using a reference test bulk material

The awareness of dust emissions is crucial regarding safe industrial processes, environmental protection and health care. For this purpose, closely linked experimental and numerical investigations are performed. This work presents the results of an experimental study which is used for the calibration of a modelling framework based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and applied for the calculation of dust emissions for predictive purposes. The key objective of the approach is to come up with a dust source term which enables to describe and to quantify the release of particle emissions. For the presented experimental study, a wind tunnel and a rotating drum setup, which cover various handling types of bulk materials, are used in order to gain data about parameters having an impact on the dust release. The special feature of the investigations is the use of a reference test bulk material which represents a bulk material in its generally main fractions, the fine and the coarse material, keeping the discrepancy between experiments and simulations low. With the help of the experimental results the calibration of the simulation model was carried out and followed by a comparison.     

An analytical solution for geotextile-wrapped soil based on insights from DEM analysis

This paper presents a novel analytical solution for geotextile-wrapped soil based on a comprehensive numerical analysis conducted using the discrete element method (DEM). By examining the soil–geotextile interface friction, principal stress distribution, and stress–strain relations of the constituent soil and geotextile in the DEM analysis, a complete picture of the mechanical characterization of geotextile-wrapped soil under uniaxial compression is first provided. With these new insights, key assumptions are verified and developed for the proposed analytical solution. In the DEM analysis, a near-failure state line that predicts stress ratios relative to the maximums at failure with respect to deviatoric strain is uniquely identified; dilation rates are found to be related to stress ratios via a single linear correlation regardless of the tensile stiffness of the geotextile. From these new findings, the assumptions on the stress-state evolution and the stress–dilatancy relation are developed accordingly, and the wrapped granular soil can therefore be modeled as a Mohr–Coulomb elastoplastic solid with evolving stress ratio and dilation rate. The development of the proposed analytical model also demonstrates an innovative approach to take advantage of multiscale insights for the analytical modeling of complex geomaterials. The analytical model is validated with the DEM simulation results of geotextile-wrapped soil under uniaxial compression, considering a wide range of geotextile tensile stiffnesses. To further examine the predictive capacity of the analytical model, the stress–strain response under triaxial compression conditions is solved analytically, taking both different confining pressures and geotextile tensile stiffnesses into account. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical and DEM solutions, which suggests that the key assumptions developed in the uniaxial compression conditions also remain valid for triaxial compression conditions.