泾河流域DEM流域信息提取

数字高程模型(DEM)代替等高线地形图实现了区域地形表面的数字化表达,其应用十分广泛。水文分析是地学分析的一个重要部分,近年来DEM在水文分析中的应用已经成为研究的热点。本文的研究选区位于泾河流域,采用中国北方1:25万地形图数据为基础生成DEM数据,进行流域信息的提取,得出结论:可以根据汇流累积单元数的阈值来生成不同密度的河网,在利用DEM进行流域信息提取时,要根据研究区情况和研究的目的,选择合适的方式生成DEM数据,以求试验结果达到最佳,更好地为不同单位部门的水资源调度决策研究提供支持。     

基于小波分解和ROI的数字高程模型表面建模

将小波多尺度分解和ROI应用于数字高程模型(DEM)的表面建模中,首先用非均匀B样条曲面进行数字高程模型地形表面建模,然后用小波多尺度的特征将地表曲面进行压缩和光顺处理.对复杂地表曲面,可能只对某些局部区域感兴趣,因此在小波多尺度分解过程中要结合感兴趣区域(ROI)的方法.本文阐述了地表曲面小波分解和ROI多分辨率表示的原理,给出了具体曲面的小波分解算法和实现结果,有效减少了曲面存储所需的空间并提高了曲面的光顺程度.     

Effect of particle packing structure on the elastic modulus of wet powder compacts analyzed by persistent homology

This study applies persistent homology (PH) to the structural analysis of wet powder compacts to clarify the effect of packing structure on the elastic modulus, and proposes an equation for the relationship between saturation and elastic modulus based on the index of structural homogeneity. The relationship between the saturation and the elastic modulus was experimentally obtained by compression tests of wet powder compacts. The elastic modulus decreased linearly with increasing saturation, but the slope was different depending on the packing structure of compacts which were made from high purity alumina with different particle size distributions. PH was applied to the packing structure of particles of different diameters calculated by DEM simulation to evaluate the packing structure. The features of each packing structure were extracted by PH, and the index of structural homogeneity was obtained. A new empirical equation is proposed which can predict the relationship between the elastic modulus and the saturation considering structural homogeneity, specific surface area, surface tension, and porosity as the main factors affecting the elastic modulus in the partially saturated state. These results indicate that PH analysis is effective to evaluate the packing structure and that this method may predict the mechanical properties of wet powder compacts.     

The ANNS approach to DEM reconstruction

This research has 6 fundamental aims: (i) to present a modified version of Taylor's interpolation, one that is more effective and faster than the original; (ii) outline the capability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to perform an optimal functional approximation of the digital elevation model reconstruction from a satellite map, using a small and independent sample of Global Positioning System observations; (iii) demonstrate experimentally how ANNs outperform the traditional and most used algorithm for the height interpolation (Taylor's interpolation); (iv) introduce a new ANN, the Conic Net, able to outperform the results of the classic and more known multilayer perceptron; (v) determine that Conic Nets, even when using Taylor's modified interpolation as input features, are able to optimally approximate the heights with one order of magnitude more than the original satellite map; and (vi) make evident the possibility to interpolate the DEM heights through an ANN, which learns a data set of known points.     

三维离散元法中地下水及锚杆的模拟

基于采用动态松弛法求解的三维离散单元法,提出了地下水、锚杆的三维分析方法,给出了相应的算法和公式,并通过算例进行了验证。     

NASA EOS Terra ASTER: Volcanic topographic mapping and capability

Up-to-date, accurate topographic data are a crucial resource for volcanic research and risk mitigation efforts, in particular, for modeling volcanic flow processes at a detailed spatial resolution. In this paper, we examine the utility of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument currently operating on the NASA Terra satellite, which provides near infrared (VNIR) stereo imaging from which topography can be derived. We wrote software to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) from the ASTER level 1A product, which employs an automated stereo matching technique to calculate the parallax offsets between the images acquired by the nadir- and aft-looking sensors. Comparison of ASTER DEMs with DEMs derived from other sources (digitized 1:50 K topographic maps and aerial interferometric radar) at Ruapehu volcano reveal an RMS error of about 10 m for the ASTER DEM, in the absence of significant atmospheric water vapor. A qualitative assessment of surface features showed that the ASTER DEM is superior to the interpolated 1:50 K map product but falls short of the detail provided by aerial interferometric radar, especially in terms of stream channel preservation. A second ASTER DEM was generated for Taranaki volcano, where previously only 1:50 K topographic map data were available. Although the 2000 Space Shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) will largely remedy the previous global paucity of adequate topographic data at volcanoes, such as Taranaki, we anticipate the problem that at active volcanoes, the topography may change significantly following activity, rendering the SRTM data inaccurate. With the high temporal coverage of the dataset, ASTER not only provides a means to update significant (>10 m) topographic measurements at active volcanoes via a time-series of DEMs, but also provides a simultaneous means to map surface cover and localized land-use via the near infrared sensors. Thus we demonstrate the potential for up-to-date volcanic economic risk assessment using geographic information systems (GIS) analysis.     

基坑环梁支撑结构的连续破坏模拟及冗余度研究

传统的基坑水平支护设计理论是基于构件进行强度设计,没有考虑大面积复杂基坑支护系统的连续破坏问题,对基坑支护体系冗余度的评价方法及冗余度指标等也缺乏针对性研究。以环梁形式的水平支撑体系为典型,设置了不同的环梁支撑平面布置方案,利用离散元软件PFC,通过FISH语言二次开发定义了钢筋混凝土杆件的破坏准则,实现了局部构件破坏时水平支撑结构体系的连续破坏模拟以及整体破坏荷载确定。在此基础上,进一步提出了一种考虑水平支撑设计荷载的冗余度评价指标,并对有、无角撑支撑体系的冗余度进行了定量分析对比,同时表明此指标可以更为直观地体现水平支撑体系在局部破坏的情况下是否能够继续承担设计荷载而不至于发生连续破坏直至整体破坏,具有更明确的理论与实用意义。针对环梁水平支撑体系的研究还表明,对于要求变形和受力尽量均匀的环梁支撑体系来说,在满足刚度均匀的前提条件下合理增加传力路径来提高冗余度尤为重要,否则,不合理地增加传力路径可能反而造成环梁支撑体系的受力和变形更为不利。建议对重要、复杂的基坑水平支撑体系进行冗余度分析及优化,并在施工过程中对关键构件进行重点监测与保护。     

基于富钴结壳微地形的采集头载荷波动性研究

采用分形理论对海底随机地形进行重构和生成,按照海底微地形特征生成了200个随机典型地形,在此基础上对螺旋滚筒采集头切削钴结壳过程进行仿真,研究海底富钴结壳微地形的数字特征参量(高程差、高程均方差和相对平均高程)与采集头载荷波动性的关系,仿真的有效性通过实验进行验证.仿真研究结果表明,海底微地形的高程差和相对平均高程对采集头载荷波动性的影响不显著;高程均方差的变化对采集头载荷波动性的影响显著,当高程均方差大于1.75cm时,高程均方差的增加,引起载荷波动系数的显著增大.     

重介质旋流器分选过程的离散分析与数值模拟

重介质旋流器广泛应用于煤炭分选,分选过程十分复杂,试验测试研究重介质旋流器内部流场和颗粒运动特性费时费力,成本较高。随着数值计算技术的发展,国内外学者应用数值模拟方法研究旋流器内部的多相流流场。采用计算流体力学(CFD)与离散分析方法(DEM)耦合技术对重介质旋流器的分选过程进行数值模拟研究,为重介质旋流器的结构参数和操作参数的优化提供了一种新途径。用Fluent软件研究了旋流器内部悬浮液速度场、密度场、压力梯度场和黏度场,用EDEM软件研究了旋流分选过程中的煤粒运动行为及分选效果的评价。研究结果表明:悬浮液压力分布和压力梯度分布径向基本对称,溢流口和底流口处压力值最低。器壁沿径向形成了压力梯度,差值逐渐增大,空气柱边界处压力梯度最大;不同尺度的煤粒在旋流器内部的停留时间不同,相同密度的煤粒,粒度越小,停留时间越长。溢流中排出煤粒在旋流器中的停留时间明显长于从底流口排出的煤粒。溢流口排出的煤粒,密度越大,停留时间越长,底流口排出的煤粒,密度越大,停留时间越短。不同的旋流器结构参数对分选的影响程度不尽相同,其中溢流管直径的影响最为显著,溢流管直径超过500 mm时,不能形成完整的空气柱,无法分选。溢流管直径为300 mm时,分选效果较好;溢流管插入深度显著影响分选精度,插入深度为160 mm时,分选密度增大,细小高密度的煤颗粒将错配进入溢流,溢流管插入深度为320～800 mm时,分选密度接近悬浮液密度,分选指标E_p=0. 084～0. 100,分选效果较好。底流口直径对旋流器选精度影响较大,当底流口直径为272和306 mm时,分选密度与悬浮液密度接近,E_p值小于0.1,分选效果较好。圆柱段长度对于分选密度影响不明显。     

增强现实系统中视频影像与DEM栅格图像匹配

提出一种新的图像匹配技术解决增强现实（AR）系统中的户外3维注册问题。首先用数学形态学提取视频影像中的地形边缘曲线。根据GIS的通视分析原理,从DEM（数字高程模型）栅格图像上生成基于观测视点的地表视域轮廓。再分别检测两个轮廓线上的局部极值点,计算各自的极值点曲率向量。最终通过用相关矩阵度量两个极值点曲率向量之间的相似性获得匹配结果。研究结论表明,与地图相比,基于视频AR的地理信息可视化对地理数据建模的要求较低,且无须对空间数据进行抽象符号化。