摩擦滑移水平隔震支座的性能试验

对一种新型的聚四氟乙烯板摩擦滑移水平隔震支座进行了性能试验,支座由聚四氟乙烯摩擦滑移装置隔震,而并联的水平弹簧使其在震后具有复位能力.试验测定了不锈钢板与聚四氟乙烯摩擦片间的摩擦系数及支座在简谐激励与地震激励下的滞回性能,并对竖向输入动压力时支座的滞回特征进行了测试.结果表明,滑移速度、竖向压力及地震激励的类别是影响摩擦系数与滞回性能的主要因素,为支座理论模型的建立提供了基础.     

Speech-stream detection in short-wave channel based on empirical mode decomposition and higher-order statistics

To capture the presence of speech embedded in nonspeech events and background noise in short-wave non-cooperative communication,an algorithm for speech-stream detection in noisy environments is presented based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and statistical properties of higher-order cumulants of speech signals.With the EMD,the noise signals can be decomposed into different numbers of IMFs.Then,the fourth-order cumulant (FOC) can be used to extract the desired feature of statistical properties for IMF components.Since the higher-order cumulants are blind for Gaussian signals,the proposed method is especially effective regarding the problem of speech-stream detection,where the speech signal is distorted by Gaussian noise.With the self-adaptive decomposition by EMD,the proposed method can also work well for non-Gaussian noise.The experiments show that the proposed algorithm can suppress different noise types with different SNRs,and the algorithm is robust in real signal tests.     

氯化钠从水到乙二醇水混合中的迁移性质

在乙二醇和水为混合溶剂中加入NaCl组成三元系,在20~40℃时,改变混合溶剂中乙二醇的质量分数,在w=0%,10%,20%和30%的条件下,测定下列电池电动势AgCl-Ag|NaCl(mA),C2H6O2(w),H2O(1-w)|Na-ISE,(A)确定混合溶剂中AgCl-Ag和Na-ISE电极对在不同温度时的标准电动势,计算了NaCl的迁移性质。结果表明,低温时NaCl在纯水中有较高的吉布斯自由能状态,而在高温时,NaCl在乙二醇和水的混合溶液中处于较高的吉布斯自由能状态。     

经验模态分解在电力绝缘气体SF6红外光谱去噪中的应用

经验模态分解(EMD)是以信号极值特征尺度为度量的时空滤波器,它充分保留了信号本身的非线性和非平稳特征,在信号去噪中具有较大的优势。本文以电力绝缘气体SF6为研究对象,在介绍E MD分解方法的基础上,首先对含噪的SF6光谱信号做EMD分解,得到各阶本征模态函数(IMF),然后对高频的IMF分量用阈值法进行处理,把经过阈值处理后的高频I MF分量与低频IMF分量叠加重构得到去噪后的信号。分析了在不同噪声水平上与小波阈值去噪方法的处理效果。实验结果表明EMD阈值去噪法有效地去除了噪声,较好地保留了光谱的细节信息,与小波阈值去噪方法相比较具有自适应的优势。     

深圳大运会主体育场罩棚风压分布的数值模拟

为了求得体育场罩棚的风载体型系数,基于Reynolds时均N-S方程和RSM模型对深圳大运动会主体育场罩棚风压分布特性进行了数值模拟.采用有限体积法对控制微分方程进行离散,并采用SIMPLE压力校正算法来实现非线性方程的迭代求解.将数值计算结果与风洞试验结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好,在此基础上,分析了风向角和风攻角对风压分布的影响,探讨了罩棚周围流场的绕流特性,并根据罩棚的结构形式及风压分布特点,给出了最不利风向下罩棚表面的区域平均风压系数以及罩棚设计风荷载的计算方法.结果表明:风向角对风荷载的影响较大,不同风向角下,来流的分离和漩涡脱落作用均有较大的不同.风攻角对罩棚表面风压分布的影响不大,对罩棚局部峰值的影响在15%以内,整体影响在5%以内.     

汽车钢板弹簧在不同摩擦系数下疲劳寿命研究

在钢板弹簧的结构设计中,疲劳寿命是评价其可靠性的重要指标.为了更准确地预估钢板弹簧的疲劳寿命,利用AN-SYS的非线性求解模块,建立了某载货汽车钢板弹簧的有限元模型,考虑到簧片间接触摩擦因素,首先分析了不同摩擦系数下板簧的等效应力;考虑到应力与疲劳寿命之间的关系,用Fatigue软件进一步分析摩擦系数对疲劳寿命的影响,并通过试验验证了分析结果的可信性.结果表明,随着摩擦系数的增大,钢板弹簧的等效应力降低,疲劳寿命增大.     

Characterization and modeling of diffusion process for mass transport through the Tournemire argillites (Aveyron, France)

Argillites are one of the geological formations studied by IRSN for their confining properties for isolation of radioactive wastes. One of the main objectives is the study of water transport through rocks with very low water content and very low hydraulic conductivity by modeling of natural tracer profiles. This paper presents the protocol developed for and applied to the acquisition of data for chloride content in interstitial water of the Toarcian argillites at the Tournemire site (Southern France). This protocol is based on laboratory diffusion experiments and on modeling. Experimental data obtained during the transient and steady-state parts of diffusion experiments enable, respectively, the assessment of the diffusion coefficient and the determination of Cl concentration in pore water. Using this protocol, profiles with depth for both of these data sets have been acquired along the geological sequence. Taking into account the present knowledge of the geological and hydrogeological history of the Tournemire massif, a conceptual model granting the main role for mass transport to diffusion has been proposed. According to this conceptual model, a one-dimensional numerical model was built for simulating the mass transport of chloride through the sedimentary column, over 53 Ma. The good agreement between experimental data and calculated values for both diffusion coefficients and concentrations of chloride confirms that diffusion is likely the main process for mass transport in the massif. This model was also tested with the deuterium content of interstitial water, applying variable concentrations at the aquifer system boundaries for reflecting the thermal dependency of isotopic composition in precipitation. These simulations also reveal the likely important role of heterogeneities, such as fractures, in the variability of tracer concentrations with regards to a simple diffusion profile.     

Li NMR, ionic conductivity and self-diffusion coefficients of lithium ion and solvent of plasticized organic-inorganic hybrid electrolyte based on PPG-PEG-PPG diamine and alkoxysilanes

Organic-inorganic hybrid electrolytes based on poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether) (D2000) complexed with LiClO₄ via the co-condensation of an epoxy trialkoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane have been prepared and plasticized by a solution of ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC) mixture (1:1 by weight). The cross-linked hybrid network shows no solvent exudation and retains a large amount of plasticizer over 70 wt.% in stable state. The in situ built in silica network provides the hybrid electrolytes with good mechanical properties. The ionic conductivity of the dry hybrid electrolyte films was enhanced by two orders of magnitude via plasticization, reaching a maximum conductivity value of 4.0 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 30 °C. Variable temperature ⁷Li-{¹H} magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR demonstrated that the Li⁺ cations can be complexed by the polymer network as well as by the plasticizing solvents, but not with the incorporated silica network. Furthermore, the ⁷Li chemical shift change indicated a progressive change in the lithium coordination from lithium-polymer to lithium-solvent with increasing temperatures. The role of the solvents and the mobility of the lithium ions were investigated by pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) NMR measurements to elucidate the behavior of the ionic conductivity.     

Mean polarizabilities and second optical and density virial coefficients of CH3OH and CCl2F2 between 300 and 355 K

Mean dipole polarizabilities ₀(, T) as well as second optical (or refractive index) virial coefficients b _R(, T) and second density virial coefficients B(T) of gaseous CH₃OH and CCl₂F₂ have been determined by precise measurements of the refractive index n(, T, p) [543 nm 633 nm, 300 K T 355 K, p<0.25 bar (CH₃OH) and p<3 bar (CCl₂F₂)]. ₀ critically compared with the few data in literature. The b _R of these gases was measured for the first time with the cyclic-expansion method. The values of ¦B¦ and b _R=3160(25) cm³ · mol^–1 measured for CH₃OH are considerably greater than the values calculated by Buckingham's statistical-mechanical expressions for a Stockmayer interaction potential. This difference is discussed by assuming dimerization via H bonds, with result H ₂ ⁰ –(28 ... 33) kJ · mol^–1 and S ₂ ⁰ –(116 133) J · mol^–1 · K^–1 for the dimerization enthalpy and entropy for standard conditions, respectively. On the other hand, Buckingham's formulae can be used with success to estimate b _R and B of CCl₂F₂.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. F. Kohler on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

基于深度卷积神经网络的心音分类算法

针对现有心音分类算法普适性差、依赖于对基本心音的精确分割、分类模型结构单一等问题,提出采用大量未经过精确分割的心音二维特征图训练深度卷积神经网络(CNN)的方法;首先采用滑动窗口方法和梅尔频率系数对心音信号进行预处理,得到大量未经过精确分割的心音特征图;然后利用深度CNN模型对心音特征图进行训练和测试;根据卷积层间连接方式的不同,设计了 3种深度CNN模型:基于单一连接的卷积神经网络、基于跳跃连接的卷积神经网络、基于密集连接的卷积神经网络;实验结果表明,基于密集连接的卷积神经网络比其他两种网络具备更大的潜力;与其他心音分类算法相比,该算法不依赖于对基本心音的精确分割,且在分类准确率、敏感性和特异性方面均有提升.