Thermal spraying of biomaterials

Osteoconductive hydroxyapatite coatings for metallic endoprostheses for hip and knee joint replacement provide a state-of-the-art template for enhanced in-growth of bone cells. However, the high temperature of the plasma jet leads to large scale dehydroxylation and decomposition of the starting powder. A model is being developed to explain the formation of chemically and mechanically inhomogeneous porous calcium phosphate coatings deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying onto titanium alloy substrates. In addition the biofunctionality is being discussed of titania bond coats and their influence on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite-titania duplex coating systems.     

基于张量奇异值分解的人脸识别方法

在人脸识别领域应用张量奇异值分解( TSVD)来进行人脸特征的表示和提取,克服了过去的提取方法,如主成分分析法( PCA)等过于依赖拍摄条件的缺点。 TSVD将数据转换成三维线性模型,所以能避免二维线性方法中条件改变则精确度下降的问题,使得识别算法在变化的条件下获得了相对稳定的结果。在此基础上对算法进行了优化,利用矩阵分解,在不影响算法正确率的情况下,有效减少计算量,提高算法效率。基于Matlab对该算法进行了四组实验,并将结果与用PCA方法得到的结果对比,验证了该识别算法在变化条件下显著的正确性以及稳定性;同时,对优化的TSVD算法进行了实验验证,在数据量较大的情况下,该算法速度明显提高。     

Fuzzy decision fusion of complementary experts based on evolutionary cepstral coefficients for phoneme recognition

Optimal representation of acoustic features is an ongoing challenge in automatic speech recognition research. As an initial step toward this purpose, optimization of filterbanks for the cepstral coefficient using evolutionary optimization methods is proposed in some approaches. However, the large number of optimization parameters required by a filterbank makes it difficult to guarantee that an individual optimized filterbank can provide the best representation for phoneme classification. Moreover, in many cases, a number of potential solutions are obtained. Each solution presents discrimination between specific groups of phonemes. In other words, each filterbank has its own particular advantage. Therefore, the aggregation of the discriminative information provided by filterbanks is demanding challenging task. In this study, the optimization of a number of complementary filterbanks is considered to provide a different representation of speech signals for phoneme classification using the hidden Markov model (HMM). Fuzzy information fusion is used to aggregate the decisions provided by HMMs. Fuzzy theory can effectively handle the uncertainties of classifiers trained with different representations of speech data. In this study, the output of the HMM classifiers of each expert is fused using a fuzzy decision fusion scheme. The decision fusion employed a global and local confidence measurement to formulate the reliability of each classifier based on both the global and local context when making overall decisions. Experiments were conducted based on clean and noisy phonetic samples. The proposed method outperformed conventional Mel frequency cepstral coefficients under both conditions in terms of overall phoneme classification accuracy. The fuzzy fusion scheme was shown to be capable of the aggregation of complementary information provided by each filterbank.     

基于滑动峭度相关性准则的局部特征尺度分解分量筛选方法

轴承故障振动信号具有非平稳、非线性特征,且可视为多个调幅-调频分量的叠加,单分量的包络蕴含了轴承的故障特征。局部特征尺度分解可将振动信号准确分解为多个内禀尺度分量之和,某些分量能清晰反映轴承的运行状态,根据包络谱可进行故障诊断。为了准确筛选有用分量,提出了基于滑动峭度相关性准则的分量筛选方法。首先,对信号进行局部特征尺度分解,得到若干个内禀尺度分量;然后,对分量和原始信号分别计算滑动峭度,生成时间序列;最后,依据分量滑动峭度序列与原始信号滑动峭度序列的互相关系数筛选有用分量。通过轴承内圈故障数据分析发现：有用分量与非有用分量之间的滑动峭度互相关系数比互相关系数差异明显,区分度更大,有益于分量的分类、筛选。     

率失真优化和系数移位结合的ROI编码方法

感兴趣区域图像编码技术是数字图像压缩编码领域的研究热点。文中提出了一种基于JPEG2000标准的率失真斜率优化和系数移位相结合的感兴趣编码改进方法,它结合了两者编码方式的优势,并在率失真斜率优化算法中充分考虑到ROI区域的比例并影响率失真函数的加权值。该方法提高了图像编码的信噪比,支持多个感兴趣区域,并且ROI的形状不受限制。实验证明：该方法不仅在低码率条件下提高了感兴趣区域的信噪比,在高码率下整幅图像的信噪比也得到了改善。     

基于麦克风阵列声音信号定位方法的研究

提出了一种在嘈杂环境下利用麦克风阵列对声音信号定位的方法。该方法对每个麦克风采集的声音信号进行经验模态分解,然后根据各个IMF信号的归一化能量挑选出主要的IMF分量进行信号重构,从而实现对信号进行降噪处理。将降噪后的信号使用互功率谱相位法进行相关运算,计算出不同麦克风声音信号出现的时间差异。根据信号时延和麦克风之间的几何位置关系计算出声音信号的位置。为了验证本文所提出的定位算法,进行了语音信号定位实验,通过实验实测的数据分析对比分析,验证了本文提出的方法比传统的定位算法要优越。     

Decomposition heuristic to minimize total cost in a multi-level supply chain network

In this paper, the distribution planning model for the multi-level supply chain network is studied. Products which are manufactured at factory are delivered to customers through warehouses and distribution centers for the given customer demands. The objective function of suggested model is to minimize logistic costs such as replenishment cost, inventory holding cost and transportation cost. A mixed integer programming formulation and heuristics for practical use are suggested. Heuristics are composed of two steps: decomposition and post improving process. In the decomposition heuristics, the problems are solved optimally only considering the transportation route first by the minimum cost flow problem, and the replenishment plan is generated by applying the cost-saving heuristic which was originally suggested in the manufacturing assembly line operation, and integrating with the transportation plan. Another heuristic, in which the original model is segmented due to the time periods, and run on a rolling horizon based method, is suggested. With the post-improving process using tabu search method, the performances are evaluated, and it was shown that solutions can be computed within a reasonable computation time by the gap of about 10% in average from the lower bound of the optimal solutions.     

A Rectangular Finite Volume Element Method for a Semilinear Elliptic Equation

In this paper we extend the idea of interpolated coefficients for semilinear problems to the finite volume element method based on rectangular partition. At first we introduce bilinear finite volume element method with interpolated coefficients for a boundary value problem of semilinear elliptic equation. Next we derive convergence estimate in H ¹-norm and superconvergence of derivative. Finally an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. This work is supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China State Education Ministry, National Science Foundation of China, the National Basic Research Program under the Grant (2005CB321703), the key project of China State Education Ministry (204098), Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20060390894) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20060390894).     

Invariant and attracting sets of impulsive delay difference equations with continuous variables

The aim of this paper is to study the invariant and attracting sets of impulsive delay difference equations with continuous variables. Some criteria for the invariant and attracting sets are obtained by using the decomposition approach and delay difference inequalities with impulsive initial conditions.     

A classification of methods for distributed system optimization based on formulation structure

Augmented Lagrangian coordination (ALC) is a provably convergent coordination method for multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) that is able to treat both linking variables and linking functions (i.e. system-wide objectives and constraints). Contrary to quasi-separable problems with only linking variables, the presence of linking functions may hinder the parallel solution of subproblems and the use of the efficient alternating directions method of multipliers. We show that this unfortunate situation is not the case for MDO problems with block-separable linking constraints. We derive a centralized formulation of ALC for block-separable constraints, which does allow parallel solution of subproblems. Similarly, we derive a distributed coordination variant for which subproblems cannot be solved in parallel, but that still enables the use of the alternating direction method of multipliers. The approach can also be used for other existing MDO coordination strategies such that they can include block-separable linking constraints. This work is funded by MicroNed, grant number 10005898.