Formal syntax methods for natural language

This paper describes on-going research into the applications of some techniques normally used to formally specify and analyze the context-sensitive syntax of programming languages to the specification and analysis of the syntax of a natural language, namely English. The specific formal methods presently being investigated are two-level grammar (2LG) and the Vienna Definition Language (VDL). A preliminary subset of English has been established consisting of fifteen basic sentence patterns. 2LG and VDL specifications are given for one of these sentence types and the syntactic analysis of an English sentence using each of the two specifications is illustrated through an example.     

对强制退市公司投资者的损失赔偿问题探讨

公司虚假陈述达到法定标准即被强制退市,投资者对由此遭受的损失有权要求赔偿.文章通过对<证券法>和最高人民法院<关于审理证券市场因虚假陈述引发的民事赔偿案件的若干规定>的相关规定的分析,指出其中的合理之处、不足和矛盾,从请求权主体、投资者损失的界定、因果关系、投资者提起民事诉讼的障碍及解决等方面加以论述.     

最小热量与熵的新定义

引入外功的概念,基于对系统在热力学状态变化过程中与热源的换热量的分析,给出了熵的一种新定义:物质系统在某状态1的熵,为系统从该状态变至基准态0的过程中,放入环境之最小热量的某一常数C倍。当选择合适的常数(C=1/T_0,T_0为基准态温度)时,新定义的熵与经典定义的熵一致。     

事故件的定义及其管理研究

本文讨论了事故件的定义及其划分标准，探索事故价值转移的新方法，并从定性与定量的角度，提出了加强事故件管理的措施．     

Entropy and entropy of mixing

Entropy as a function of temperature at constant volume, S(T), can be determined by integrating the molar specific entropy capacity C_V/T (C_V: molar specific heat capacity at constant volume). As a second approach, S(T) at constant volume can be determined by differentiating the free energy with respect to the temperature, T. Recently, it has been shown for a system obeying Boltzmann statistics that these mathematical approaches are equivalent to applying the formula of the mixing entropy, if the ground and excited states of the same sub‐systems or elementary systems are considered as mixing objects or quantum components. This result considerably extends the applicability of the formula of the mixing entropy, which is derived in textbooks just for mixing real indifferent components. In the present paper, it is shown that the formula of the mixing entropy can also be applied to calculate the entropy of Bose and Fermi systems. Thus, all entropy can be calculated and interpreted as mixing entropy of real components or quantum components. In reverse, the transitions between the ground and the excited states of any system can be explained as mixing processes. This interpretation is applied to the melting transition of chemically bonded solids and in particular to the glass transition whereby upon cooling the mixing entropy of the melt is (at least partly) frozen in the configuration. These results suggest a new interpretation of the glass transition and a new definition of structural glass.     

Towards robust assembly with knowledge representation for the planning domain definition language (PDDL)

The effort described in this paper attempts to integrate agility aspects in the “Agility Performance of Robotic Systems” (APRS) project, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The new technical idea for the APRS project is to develop the measurement science in the form of an integrated agility framework enabling manufacturers to assess and assure the agility performance of their robot systems. This framework includes robot agility performance metrics, information models, test methods, and protocols. This paper presents models for the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL), used within the APRS project. PDDL is an attempt to standardize Artificial Intelligence planning languages. The described models have been fully defined in the XML Schema Definition Language (XSDL) and in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) for kit building applications. Kit building or kitting is a process that brings parts that will be used in assembly operations together in a kit and then moves the kit to the area where the parts are used in the final assembly. Furthermore, the paper discusses a tool that is capable of automatically and dynamically generating PDDL files from the models in order to generate a plan or to replan from scratch. Finally, the ability of the tool to update a PDDL problem file from a relational database for replanning to recover from failures is presented.     

一种过程定义模型及其验证性分析

软件过程是管理、开发、维护软件系统所需要的一系列活动的偏序集合。软件过程作为一种工作流,其建模和分析可以采用工作流的理论和技术作为支撑。因为任务控制流的图示表示办法直观方便,因此大多系统都采用这种定义方式为软件过程建模。而过程定义的合理性验证问题复杂度通常是非常高的,必须寻求合理的算法。图规约算法就是一种实际可行的算法。     

包装工程

从历史的学术的角度对包装工程的含义，技术路线以及包装工程的发展前景作了有力简述。     

基于PDDL的成像卫星任务规划建模

基于对成像卫星任务规划问题的特点的深入分析,提出一种基于状态-动作模型的任务规划建模的方法:采用PDDL语言对成像卫星的领域知识进行描述,解决动作的持续时间约束、复杂的资源约束和一类特殊的外部事件约束的表达问题,最终建立成像卫星任务规划模型。通过对该建模方法的模型描述能力分析,表明该建模方法较传统规划建模方法具有较好的描述能力,能满足描述成像卫星任务规划问题的要求。     

基于依赖关系的定义类问题回答系统

定义句模板和关联词向量作为候选定义句选择的常用特征, 前者确定定义的表达形式, 后者确定定义的叙述内容. 目前, 大多数定义类问题回答系统中都是根据问题Target及其周边词之间的相对位置关系来提取定义句模板和关联词. 在这种基于位置关系的基础上提出了基于依赖关系的定义句模板和关联词抽取方法, 然后将这些特征应用到改进的在线算法MIRA (Margin infused relaxed algorithm), 从而实现对候选定义句子的排序. 这种改进的MIRA算法能够根据学习进程自动调整约束条件, 从而提高算法的收敛速度与性能.