一种改进的各向异性扩散去噪模型

为了既能有效地去除噪声,又能够较好地保持图像的边缘以及重要的细节信息,在Perona和Malik提出的各向异性扩散模型(P-M模型)的基础上,通过对扩散方程中扩散函数的改进,提出了一种具备自适应性的去噪扩散模型,该模型对图像去噪处理更加高效。改进的扩散函数在梯度较小时为一个常数,大于某个阈值后变为单调递减函数,直至某个梯度时递减为零。以上扩散函数特性使各向异性扩散模型能够达到在同质区加速平滑、在边缘区停止平滑的目的。实验结果表明,改进的扩散模型是一种更为理想的保边缘平滑模型。     

Certifying spatially uniform behavior in reaction–diffusion PDE and compartmental ODE systems

We present a condition that guarantees spatial uniformity for the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of a reaction–diffusion PDE with Neumann boundary conditions. This condition makes use of the Jacobian matrix of the reaction terms and the second Neumann eigenvalue of the Laplacian operator on the given spatial domain, and eliminates the global Lipschitz assumptions commonly used in mathematical biology literature. We then derive numerical procedures that employ linear matrix inequalities to certify this condition, and illustrate these procedures on models of several biochemical reaction networks. Finally, we present an analog of this PDE result for the synchronization of a network of identical ODE models coupled by diffusion terms. From a systems biology perspective, the main contribution of the paper is to blend analytical and numerical tools from nonlinear systems and control theory to derive a relaxed and verifiable condition for spatial uniformity of biological processes.     

Impact of network effects and diffusion channels on home computer adoption

Researchers have identified network effects as one of the major drivers for the adoption and diffusion of household technologies. However, the mechanisms and social contexts through which network effects induce technology adoption are unclear. In this paper, we investigate the adoption of household computers using the dataset from the 1989-2003 Computer and Internet Supplement to the Current Population Surveys (CPS). We argue that social influence and learning play a dominant role in inducing the adoption of home computers, and workplaces and schools are important channels through which network effects take place. We find that recent adopters have a stronger impact than distant adopters on future computer adoptions. When the adoption rate is low, channels play a more important role, but their effects diminish as the adoption rate grows. We also find that diffusion channels are more effective for first-time adoption than for repeat purchases. Overall, our study provides important theoretical, policy, and managerial implications.     

Diffusion dynamics of open source software: An agent-based computational economics (ACE) approach

The rising popularity of open source software (OSS) calls for a better understanding of the drivers of its adoption and diffusion. In this research, we propose an integrated framework that simultaneously investigates a broad range of social and economic factors on the diffusion dynamics of OSS using an Agent Based Computational Economics (ACE) approach. We find that interoperability costs, variability of OSS support costs, and duration of PS upgrade cycle are major determinants of OSS diffusion. Furthermore, there are interaction effects between network topology, network density and interoperability costs, which strongly influence the diffusion dynamics of OSS. The proposed model can be used as a building block to further investigate complex competitive dynamics in software markets.     

基于DT-MRI数据的心肌纤维可视化及分析系统研究与实现

核磁共振弥散张量成像（Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging,DT-MRI）是近年来提出的一项新的医学影像技术。通过利用核磁共振技术测量细胞内多个方向上水分子弥散运动的特征,可以全面充分研究活体组织微细结构。基于犬心室的DT-MRI数据集开展了三维心肌纤维结构的可视化方法及其可视化系统设计与实现的研究。首先利用阈值滤波、中值滤波和邻域平均法对原始DT-MRI数据进行去噪预处理,然后利用体绘制技术、图元显示法和纤维跟踪法对犬心室的DT-MRI数据进行可视化。最后对基于DT-MRI数据的心肌纤维可视化应用进行了详细的需求分析和系统设计,基于VTK（Visualization Toolkit）实现一个DT-MRI数据的心肌纤维可视化和分析系统。实验结果表明该系统具有良好的交互性,为研究心脏结构提供了一个有力可视化工具。     

Network effects as drivers of individual technology adoption: Analyzing adoption and diffusion of mobile communication services

Adoption research has largely ignored the dynamic impact of network effects on technology adoption and diffusion. For example, some technologies become more attractive the more social peers use them as well. But adoption at the same time increases the value for the peers and thereby their adoption decisions as well. Unfortunately, interdependencies like these make adoption and diffusion patterns very complex. Drawing on network effect theory, we develop an adoption and diffusion model that explicitly considers the role of direct and indirect network effects for individual technology adoption, using mobile commerce adoption as application example. By applying a simulation approach we can exemplify and analyze the fundamental adoption dynamics given rise to by network effects. We thereby propose a way of how to incorporate network effects into adoption research and disclose the role of the technology diffusion lifecycle for individual adoption.     

Experimental study of diffusion-based extraction from a cell suspension

A recently proposed application of microfluidics is the post-thaw processing of biological cells. Numerical simulations suggest that diffusion-based extraction of the cryoprotective agent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from blood cells is viable and more efficient than centrifugation, the conventional method of DMSO removal. In order to validate the theoretical model used in these simulations, a prototype was built and the flow of two parallel streams, a suspension of Jurkat cells containing DMSO and a wash stream that contained neither cells nor DMSO, was characterized experimentally. DMSO transport in a rectangular channel (depth 500 μm, width 25 mm and overall length 125 mm) was studied as a function of three dimensionless parameters: depth ratio of the streams, cell volume fraction in the cell solution, and the Peclet number (Pe) based on channel depth, average flow rate and the diffusion coefficient for DMSO in water. In our studies, values of Pe ranged from O(10³) to O(10⁴). Laminar flow was ensured by keeping the Reynolds number between O(1) and O(10). Experimental results based on visual and quantitative data demonstrate conclusively that a microfluidic device can effectively remove DMSO from liquid and cell laden streams without compromising cell recovery. Also, flow conditions in the microfluidic device appear to have no adverse effect on cell viability at the outlet. Further, the results demonstrate that we can predict the amount of DMSO removed from a given device with the theoretical model mentioned previously.     

Sensors structures and regional detectability of parabolic distributed systems

In this paper, we deal with the linear infinite dimensional systems in a Hilbert space where the dynamics of the system is governed by strongly continuous semi-groups. We study the concept of asymptotic (exponential) regional detectability in connection with the structures of sensors for a class of parabolic distributed parameter systems. For different sensors structures, we give the characterization of the asymptotic (exponential) regional detectability in order that asymptotic (exponential) regional observability be achieved. Furthermore, we apply these results to the regional observer for distributed parameter diffusion systems.     

Making the ‘MOST’ out of RFID technology: a research agenda for the study of the adoption,usage and impact of RFID

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology dramatically increases the ability of the organization to acquire a vast array of data about the location and properties of any entity that can be physically tagged and wirelessly scanned within certain technical limitations. RFID can be applied to a variety of tasks, structures, work systems and contexts along the value chain, including business-to-business logistics, internal operations, business-to-consumer marketing, and after-sales service applications. As industry adoption of RFID increases there is an emerging interest by academic researchers to engage in scholarly investigation to understand how RFID relates to mobility, organizational and systems technologies (MOST). In this paper, we explore RFID and propose a research agenda to address a series of broad research questions related to how RFID technology: (1) is developed, adopted, and implemented by organizations; (2) is used, supported, and evolved within organizations and alliances; and (3) impacts individuals, business processes, organizations, and markets. As with many technological innovations, as the technical problems associated with implementing and using RFID are addressed and resolved, the managerial and organizational issues will emerge as critical areas for IS research.