Nanocrystallization of Pd74Si18Au8 metallic glass

The crystallization process of Pd₇₄Si₁₈Au₈ amorphous alloy has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering and three-dimensional atom probe techniques. Although literature suggests that the alloy decomposes into two glassy phases prior to the crystallization, we found that the crystallization occurs directly from a single amorphous phase by the primary crystallization of fcc Pd–Au solid solution, followed by the polymorphous crystallization of the remaining amorphous phase to a Pd₃Si phase.     

TiN/Cr/Al2O3 and TiN/Al2O3 hybrid coatings structure features and properties resulting from combined treatment

New experimental results are presented on the structure and the elemental and phase composition of hybrid coatings, which were deposited on a substrate of AISI 321 stainless steel using a combination of plasma-detonation, vacuum-arc and subsequent High-Current Electron Beam (HCEB) treatment. We found that an increase in energy density intensified mass transfer processes and resulted in changes in aluminum oxide phase composition (γ → α and β → α). Also we observed the formation of a nanocrystalline structure in Al₂O₃ coatings. Electron beam treatment of a hybrid coating surface induced higher adhesion, decreased the intensity of surface wear and increased corrosion resistance in a sulphuric acid solution. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was studied in several electrolytic solutions (0.5 M H₂SO₄, 1 M HCl, 0.75 M NaCl) using electrochemical techniques. In most cases the corrosion resistance was improved, except those in NaCl solutions. The nano-hardness of the protecting coating was 13 GPa before electron beam melting and 9 GPa after it (as a result of TiN and Al₂O₃ sub-layers mixing).     

Mechanisms of nanostructure and metastable phase formations in the surface melted layers of a HCPEB-treated D2 steel

This work investigates the mechanism of surface modification associated with the high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment of a D2 steel with increasing numbers of pulses. The surface layers were melted and resolidified but the treated surfaces showed very different features. This variation is essentially due to the different levels of homogeneity and carbide dissolution. It is demonstrated that the presence of carbides served as nucleation sites for the surface eruption phenomenon that creates craters on the surface. After a sufficient number of pulses, most of the carbides in the surface layer were dissolved and an almost crater-free homogeneous melted layer consisting of a very stable nano-austenite structure was formed. The HCPEB technique is thus demonstrated to be a versatile technique for surface microstructure modification involving, in the case of steels, austenite stabilization and ultrafine grain formation.     

Surface roughness of a hot-dipped galvanized sheet steel as a function of deformation mode

A hot-dipped galvanized zinc-coated sheet steel was deformed with three different laboratory test systems: a Marciniak punch system, a flat-die friction test system, and a cupping system. These systems were able to impose various combinations of deformation modes to the sheet. The deformation modes include: (1) strain without die contact, (2) sliding, (3) pressing, and (4) bending. Strain measurements from the electrolitically gridded specimens were made at the same locations as surface profilometry measurements, allowing a direct correspondence of surface roughness with strain. Quantification of the roughening as a function of strain, sliding and bending was determined. The roughening rate depends upon the strain level as well as the strain path. Increased strain without die contact causes an increase in the surface roughness with strain paths close to plane strain exhibiting the highest roughening rate. The deformation modes of sliding, pressing, and bending cause a decrease in the surface roughness (i.e. smoothing) to occur. A first-order model is proposed to account for the surface roughness as a function of these deformation modes.     

基于Agent反、正向招投标技术的Job Shop调度研究

分析了目前基于多Agent技术的Job Shop调度研究所存在的问题，对Job Shop调度问题进行了形式化描述，给出了基于多Agent的总体调度结构和调度过程，提出了基于柔性工艺路线的虚拟制造单元和Agent的反、正向招投标调度机制，描述了具体实现过程，给出了招标、投标、评标的参数和指标，通过示例验证了该方法的有效性。所提方法在Agent招投标中直接考虑了工序任务间的约束和联系，即充分发挥了多Agent系统分散决策的优势，又从根本上避免了任务分配的冲突，提高了调度效率。     

Probabilistic Bit Stream Neural Chip: Theory

A design for a neural network chip is proposed using probabilistic bit streams to represent real values. This paper analyzes the performance of the proposed neurons in this design and demonstrates that very simple operations can be used to obtain the desired functionality. It is also shown that a suitable ‘activation function’ for neurons of this type can be obtained using the interaction of two probability distributions. Finally, the paper introduces a variant of the back-propagation learning algorithm which involves computing the derivatives of the output with respect to individual weights in a network of such units.     

链条滚子反挤压刚塑性有限元模拟研究

采用刚塑性有限元模型,应用Marc软件对链条滚子的反挤压成形过程进行了数值模拟分析,得出了应力应变分布规律和压力行程曲线,其中压力-行程曲线与实验测试数据吻合良好.计算得到的变形规律对于链条滚子的反挤压工艺设计具有一定的参考作用.     

基于辽河中下游来水来沙特点的分析研究

辽河是中国七大江河之一,同时辽河也是一条多沙河流。据统计,1954—2010年系列辽河下游六间房站多年平均含沙量达3.32 kg/m3,辽河中下游的泥沙淤积是一个亟待解决的问题。为对辽河中下游水沙特点更好的研究,摸清辽河中下游泥沙冲淤演变规律,特对辽河中下游各主要支流选取一个水文站作为控制,得出了辽河来水来沙特点是东部水量大,且西辽河是辽河干流泥沙最主要的来源。     

Seasonal Effects of Hydropeaking on Growth,Energetics and Movement of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)

The performance and movements of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar exposed to variable water discharge (simulating hydropeaking) but with a stable water‐covered area were studied in six experimental stream channels, both during the winter and summer. Thirty fish were stocked into each channel, and the growth, body fat and movements of the fish were followed for about 2.5 months in each season. During the winter, no effect of hydropeaking was documented on performance or movement. In the summer, fish experiencing hydropeaking had lower body mass, lower body fat, and higher movement rates than the control fish. In general, effect sizes were small, and the rapid and frequent changes in water discharge and water level in the present study had small effects on the performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon. The cumulative long‐term effect at the population level is unknown, but a reduced growth rate of 10% and a reduction in body fat of 16% in the hydropeaking experiments in the summer might to some extent translate into increased smolt age and lower overwintering survival. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云环境下基于数据流的k-means聚类算法

k-means算法是一种 最常用的基于划分的聚类算法。传统的集中式k-means算法已不能适应当前呈爆炸式增长的数据规模,设计分布式k-means算法成为了目前亟需解决的问题。现有分布式k-means算法基于MapReduce计算框架且没有考虑初始聚类中心的影响。由于每个MapReduce任务均需要读写分布式文件系统,导致MapReduce不能有效表达多个任务之间的依赖关系,因此提出了一种基于数据流的计算框架,该框架建立在MapReduce之上,将数据处理过程按照数据流图建模。在该框架的基础上,提出了一种高效的k-means算法,它采用基于多次采样的初始聚类中心选取方法来实现负载均衡及减少迭代次数。实验结果表明,该算法的可扩展性较好,且效率比现有算法高。