A comparison of finite elements for nonlinear beams: the absolute nodal coordinate and geometrically exact formulations

Two of the most popular finite element formulations for solving nonlinear beams are the absolute nodal coordinate and the geometrically exact approaches. Both can be applied to problems with very large deformations and strains, but they differ substantially at the continuous and the discrete levels. In addition, implementation and run-time computational costs also vary significantly. In the current work, we summarize the main features of the two formulations, highlighting their differences and similarities, and perform numerical benchmarks to assess their accuracy and robustness. The article concludes with recommendations for the choice of one formulation over the other.     

高分子链柔顺性及链活动能力对辐射交联反应的影响

高分子分子链的柔顺性是影响辐射交联的重要因素，分子链柔顺性好的高分子容易交联，凝胶化剂量低，反之分子链较僵硬的高分子辐射交联较困难，某此特别僵硬分子链的高分子，必须在高温下，分子链有一定的活动力后才能进行辐射交联反应。分子链的柔顺性还影响裂解度和辐照剂量的关系，在溶胶分数和辐射剂量的关系式中引入表征分子链柔顺性的β因子，从而修正了Charlesby-Pinner关系式，得到适用范围更广的新的溶胶分数和辐射剂量的关系式。分子链的柔顺性亦影响辐射交联反应机理，从多种高分子实例看出，柔顺性好的高分子Tg较低，分子内旋转位阻因子小，这类高分子辐射交联反应机理以H型为主；而僵硬链高分子Tg较高，分子内旋转位阻因子大，这类高分子辐射交联反应机理以T型（或称Y型）为主。     

基于中间件技术的GIS中并发控制

当前GIS大都采用了关系数据库作为空间数据的存储媒介，但关系数据库支持的并发控制并不完全适用于空间数据，提出了一个在GIS应用层运用中间件技术实现对二维空间数据并发控制的方法，在封锁粒度方面，采用了面向四叉树封锁，在封锁类型和封锁协议中，扩充了原有的锁，增加了强弱意向锁，使其更加协调各种不同级别的封负的并发控制，在封锁协议中，由于采用了中间件技术，只需利用一级封锁协议。     

面向新一代能量管理系统的集群计算中间件

介绍了一种面向新一代能量管理系统（EMS）的集群计算环境的中间件（WLGrid）。该中间件被设计成一个容器,可以为不同功能的插件提供网络通信、资源定位、失败处理等高性能服务。由于采用了组件化开发策略,该中间件具有解耦的可插入式软件结构。通过屏蔽Socket通信、多任务处理等实现细节,使用该中间件的开发者可专注于业务逻辑的实现,从而降低了新一代EMS中分布式应用的开发难度。现场运行结果表明,基于WLGrid开发的预警系统,具有良好的可维护性和可扩展性,且计算速度能够满足实用要求。     

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF COORDINATES MEASUREMENT BY FLEXIBLE 3D MEASURING SYSTEM

The system mathematical model of flexible 3D measuring system is built by theoretical analysis,and the theoretical formula for measuring space point coordinate is also derived. Frog-jumping based coordinate transform method is put forward in order to solve measuring problem for large size parts. The frog-jumping method is discussed,and the coordinate transform mathematical model is method of the space point coordinate compared to original value,and an advanced method is provided. Form the space point coordinate transform formula can derive the calculation measuring method for measuring large size parts.     

Flexible electronics: Prediction of substrate deformation during different steps of the lithography process

A numerical model was developed to simulate the micro-deformations of a polymeric substrate due to lithographic processing of different layers of a transistor-like structure. The results of the model were validated with the results from experiments. The model, a mechanical-thermal-hygroscopic model, takes into account the dimensional effects of temperature, moisture and stresses. It also includes the temperature dependent visco-elastic behaviour of the polymer substrate. The model can be used to predict overlay accuracies between different functional layers introduced by the lithographic process. It can also be used to understand the underlying processes such that it provides a tool to improve the overlay accuracy during actual processing.     

Strain sensing behavior of electrically conductive fibers under large deformation

Electrically conductive fiber/yarn/fabric is one of the promising materials as flexible conductive sensors because of their sensitivity to strain, temperature and humidity. Aiming at developing of effective flexible sensors, this study investigates experimentally the strain sensing behavior of PPy (polypyrrole)-coated Lycra fibers, showing that the electrically resistance of the conductive fibers changes with the deformation of fibers. The variation in electrically resistance is mainly related to the micro-cracks appearing on the fiber surface during deformation. Then, the effects of the characteristic parameters of the micro-cracks are studied statistically by means of image processing functions in MATLAB, and the governing parameters are determined. Based on the results, a model is built to describe the variation of electrical resistance by the parameters of the micro-cracks. The analytical results are compared with the experimental results, showing an acceptable agreement.     

基于网格的电信计费系统构架的研究

电信计费是电信运营商的核心业务,传统的电信计费系统存在诸多问题,对此,本文讨论了网格技术在电信计费中的应用研究现状,分析了研究的必要性,提出了一个基于网格的电信计费构架,对构架各层功能进行了论述,最后对构架的优点进行了总结,能够为解决电信计费存在的问题提供新的方法.     

先进电子制造技术的发展

依据先进制造技术的特点,系统论述先进电子制造技术,探讨在现代大制造环境下所涉及的电子设计技术和电子制造技术的等相关理论、方法、技术和最新发展。