基于异常检测的NVP表决器

一般的表决器多是针对一维输出进行表决,构建表决器相对应的决策树,预先给出阈值来制定表决策略。但是对于多维输出的表决器研究相对较少,尤其是输出各个变量之间非独立的情况下,不能将多维输出的每个变量进行单独表决,否则会引入异常点,影响表决结果。实验表明,将异常检测技术引入到表决器中,净化需要表决的数据,可以提高表决结果的准确率。     

避雷器接地电阻的测量与预测方法

介绍了避雷器三极法测量接地电阻的接线、测量原理及测量电压的选取,根据测得的历史数据建立了基于回归分析的接地电阻变化趋势预测模型,并通过标准离差检验证明了该预测模型可用于实际接地电阻的预测。实践表明,该测量与预测方法切实可行,能在一定程度上避免因接地电阻超标而引发的雷击事故。     

变频开关电源Fuzzy-PID控制器的设计

针对感应式变频开关电源在对金属材料进行热处理过程中，负载的等效参数和谐振频率发生变化，而变频电源的输出频率不能及时调整和跟踪的问题，结合PID和Fuzzy控制技术的优点，设计Fuzzy-PID控制器对变频电源进行控制，在大偏差时用Fuzzy控制，在小偏差时用PID调节。Fuzzy-PID控制器以单片机8098为核心，采用SPWM专用芯片SA4828，实现变频开关电源的电压、电流双闭环控制，使变频电源不仅具有较快的动态响应、更小的超调，并且具有较高的稳态精度和频率跟踪控制特性。     

A 5 GHz LC-VCO frequency synthesizer for unlicensed band of WiMAX

This paper presents a low power and low phase noise CMOS integer-N frequency synthesizer based on the charge-pump Phase Locked Loop (PLL) topology. The frequency synthesizer can be used for IEEE 802.16 unlicensed band of WiMAX (World Interoperability for Microwave Access). The operation frequency of the proposed design is ranged from 5.13 to 5.22 GHz. The proposed Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) achieves low power consumption and low phase noise. The high speed divider is implemented by an optimal extended true single phase clock (E-TSPC) prescaler. It can achieve higher operating frequency and lower power consumption. A new frequency divider is also proposed to eliminate the hardware overhead of the S counter in the conventional programmable divider. The proposed frequency synthesizer consists of a phase-frequency detector (PFD), a charge pump, a low-pass loop filter, a VCO, and a frequency divider. The simulated phase noise of the proposed VCO is −121.6 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier frequency. The proposed frequency synthesizer consumes 13.1 mW. The chip with an area of 1.048 × 1.076 mm² is fabricated in a TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS 1P6M technology process.     

On the robust control of stable minimum phase plants with large uncertainty in a time constant. A fractional-order control approach

This paper addresses the problem of designing controllers that are robust to a great uncertainty in a time constant of the plant. Plants must be represented by minimum phase rational transfer functions of an arbitrary order. The design specifications are: (1) a phase margin for the nominal plant, (2) a gain crossover frequency for the nominal plant, (3) zero steady state error to step commands, and (4) a constant phase margin for all the possible values of the time constant (T$T$): 0<T<∞$0<T<\infty$. We propose a theorem that defines the structure of the set of controllers that fulfil these specifications and show that it is necessary for these robust controllers to include a fractional-order PI$PI$ term. Examples are developed for both stable and unstable plants, and the results are compared with a standard PI$PI$ controller and a robust controller designed using the QFT$QFT$ methodology.     

基于先验知识的自适应多叉树防碰撞算法

为提高无线射频识别(RFID)系统快速识别大量标签的能力,提出一种基于先验知识的自适应多叉树防碰撞算法。利用标签访问的规律性和标签分布的随机性,在不同的搜索深度,根据已有的先验知识和碰撞比特信息估计待识别的标签数量,从而动态地自适应选择搜索叉树。通过有效减少碰撞和空闲时隙数,大幅提高读写器搜索和识别标签的能力。理论分析与仿真实验结果表明,该算法能克服传统自适应多叉树防碰撞算法的缺点,合理选择初始搜索叉树,尤其在待识别标签数量较多的场合,可有效提高RFID系统的吞吐率。     

频率量转换数字量的集成电路设计技术

传感器在各领域有着广泛应用,为了测试传感器输出的频率值,在传感器与计算机之间需要一种可以将频率量转换为数字量的专用集成电路。介绍了输出为频率量的传感器测试基本原理,设计了基于这种传感器而研制的专用集成电路,介绍了其电路功能,电路逻辑结构,电路核心器件逻辑设计及功能验证。     

3D fingerprint reconstruction system using feature correspondences and prior estimated finger model

The paper studies a 3D fingerprint reconstruction technique based on multi-view touchless fingerprint images. This technique offers a solution for 3D fingerprint image generation and application when only multi-view 2D images are available. However, the difficulties and stresses of 3D fingerprint reconstruction are the establishment of feature correspondences based on 2D touchless fingerprint images and the estimation of the finger shape model. In this paper, several popular used features, such as scale invariant feature transformation (SIFT) feature, ridge feature and minutiae, are employed for correspondences establishment. To extract these fingerprint features accurately, an improved fingerprint enhancement method has been proposed by polishing orientation and ridge frequency maps according to the characteristics of 2D touchless fingerprint images. Therefore, correspondences can be established by adopting hierarchical fingerprint matching approaches. Through an analysis of 440 3D point cloud finger data (220 fingers, 2 pictures each) collected by a 3D scanning technique, i.e., the structured light illumination (SLI) method, the finger shape model is estimated. It is found that the binary quadratic function is more suitable for the finger shape model than the other mixed model tested in this paper. In our experiments, the reconstruction accuracy is illustrated by constructing a cylinder. Furthermore, results obtained from different fingerprint feature correspondences are analyzed and compared to show which features are more suitable for 3D fingerprint images generation.     

Dynamic deviation reduction‐based concurrent dual‐band digital predistortion

This article introduces the concurrent dual‐band digital predistortion (DPD) architecture with only one upconvertion unit, which is suitable for the linearization of wideband power amplifiers (PAs) excited by concurrent dual‐band signals. By extending the conventional dynamic deviation reduction (DDR) model to the concurrent dual‐band mode, we propose two DDR‐based concurrent dual‐band models, the dual‐band DDR (DB‐DDR) model and the simplified dual‐band DDR (SDB‐DDR) model. The performance of these two models is experimentally assessed with two types of wideband PAs (a GaN Class F PA and a GaN Doherty PA) driven by the concurrent dual‐band signal, and compared with the prior two‐dimensional digital predistortion (2D‐DPD) model and the two‐dimensional modified memory polynomial (2D‐MMP) model. The results prove the good DPD performance and low computational complexity of the proposed models. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:401–411, 2014.     

Frequency analysis and compensation of valve stiction in cascade control loops

Valve stiction is often a common problem in control loops and stiction induced oscillation is the main cause of poor performance in control systems. Cascade control is extensively applied in process industry as an effective strategy to restrain disturbances and compensate process nonlinearities. In recent years many studies have been performed on the detection and quantification of valve stiction in single feedback control loops. However, there is a lack in developing a mechanism which can analyze stiction induced oscillation in cascade control loops. This work focuses on the frequency analysis of stiction induced oscillations in cascade control loops and proposes a mechanism of oscillation compensation through outer and inner controller tuning. The effect of oscillation compensation by changing control strategies is also discussed. The theoretical analysis is evaluated through simulation examples and a pilot-scale flow-level cascade control experiment.