振动剪切作用下聚合物熔体的非仿射网络结构模型 Ⅱ．非仿射网络结构模型

假设聚合物熔体的缠结网络形变是非仿射的，运用瞬态网络结构原理，采用在本课题第一部分^[1]中所建立的动态速率方程，并对上随体Maxwell本构方程加以修正来建立一个非仿射网络结构模型，利用这一模型来研究振动剪切作用下LDPE熔体的流变行为，研究表明，随着应变振幅和频率的增加，LDPE熔体的剪切应力也增加，同时指出了非仿射网络结构模型的精确变比仿射结构模型有较大提高，这表明在振动力场作用下，网络形变发生了非仿射形变，因此在建立振动力场作用下聚烯烃熔体本构方程时，不能假设其网络是仿射形变的。     

含活性二氧化硅蓖麻油型聚氨酯互穿网络的物理性质

以Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基苯胺，１％（按ＩＰＮ质量计，下同）过氧化二苯甲酰和二丁基二月桂酸锡（简称有机锡）为固化剂，活性二氧化硅为填充剂（用量为总质量的３０％），由４７％的甲基丙烯酸甲酯与蓖麻油，２，４－甲苯二异氰酸酯型聚氨酯组成的ＩＰＮ为基材，在２５－３０℃下经８－１２ｈ固化。固化材料的体积电阻率和表面电阻率可达１０＾１３数量级，介电常数为５．５－６．０，介电损耗角正切为０．０１８－０．０２０，拉伸强度为     

The role of clay network on macromolecular chain mobility and relaxation in isotactic polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites

It is well known that a so-called “three-dimensional filler network structure” will be constructed in the polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites when the content of layered clay reaches a threshold value, at which the silicate sheets are incapable of freely rotating, due to physical jamming and connecting of the nanodispersed layered silicate. In this article, the effect of such clay network on the mobility and relaxation of macromolecular chains in isotactic polypropylene(iPP)/organoclay nanocomposites was investigated in detail with a combination of DMTA, DSC, TGA, TEM, rheometry and melt flow index measurements. The main aim is to establish a relationship between the mesoscopic filler network structure and the macroscopic properties of the polymer nanocomposites, particularly to explore the role of the clay network on the mobility and relaxation of macromolecular chains. It was found that the nanodispersed clay tactoids and layers play less important or dominant roles on the mobility of iPP chains depending on the formation of percolating filler network. The turning point of macroscopic properties appeared at 1 wt% organoclay content. Before this point, the effect of organoclay can be negligible, and the increase of chain mobility was ascribed to the decrease of molecular weight of polymer chains, as commonly occurs during dynamic melt processing; after this point, however, a reduced mobility of chains and a retarded chain relaxation were observed and attributed to the formation of a mesoscopic filler network. The essential features of such a mesoscopic organoclay network were estimated and discussed on the basis of stress relaxation and structural reversion measurements. A schematic model was proposed to describe the different relaxation and motion behaviors of macromolecular chains in the unfilled polymer and the filled hybrids with partial and percolated organoclay networks, respectively.     

Organic–silicate hybrid catalysts based on various defined structures for Knoevenagel condensation

Two types of organic–inorganic hybrid base catalysts are prepared. Organic-functionalized molecular sieves (OFMSs), particularly “amine-immobilized porous silicates”, are designed based on common idea to immobilize catalytic active sites on silicate surface. Silicate–organic composite materials (SOCMs), such as “ordered porous silicate–quaternary ammonium composite materials”, are the precursors of ordered porous silicates obtained during the synthesis. Both the OFMS and the SOCM are used as the catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation. Among the OFMSs, there is clear tendency that the use of molecular sieve with larger pore volume and/or surface area gives the product in higher yield. Aminopropylsilyl (AP)-functionalized mesoporous silicates such as AP-MCM-41 gives the product in high yield under mild conditions. No loss of activity is observed after repeated use for three times. The SOCMs are also active for the same reaction. The precursors of the mesoporous silicates are more active than those of microporous silicates. This material can be repeatedly used without significant loss of activity. High activity is not due to the leached species. The active sites of the SOCM catalysts are considered to be SiO⁻ moieties located on the pore-mouth. Activity of the SOCM increases when the reaction is carried out without solvent, whereas decrease in activity of the OFMS is observed in the solvent-free system.     

环氧-聚氨酯互穿网络防腐蚀涂料

研制的环氧-聚氨酯互穿网络(IPN)防腐蚀涂料具有优异的防腐蚀性能和附着力。介绍了该涂料的制法。列举了IPN涂层的性能指标。讨论了影响涂层性能的各种因素。     

Investigating Modern‐Day Talaria: Mobile Phones and the Mobility‐Impaired in Singapore

Revisiting the medical and social models of disability, this study adopted the integrated biopsychosocial approach to examine experiences of 25 mobility‐impaired respondents in Singapore with using mobile phones. We found that mobile phones provided respondents a greater degree of mobility, a sense of control, and opportunities to escape the stigma of disability, thus challenging the boundaries between the able‐bodied and the disabled. Mobile phone appropriation allowed the management of personal identities and social networks, leading to a sense of empowerment. However, mobile phone usage might act as a double‐edged sword for disabled people, creating mobile dependencies and a spatial narrowing of social connections. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Exploring approaches to improve the performance of autonomous monitoring with imperfect data in location-aware wireless sensor networks

In recent years, information and sensing technologies have been applied to the construction industry to collect and provide rich information to facilitate decision making processes. One of the applications is using location data to support autonomous crane safety monitoring (e.g., collision avoidance and dangerous areas control). Several location-aware wireless technologies such as GPS (Global Positioning System), RFID (Radio-frequency identification), and Ultra-Wide Band sensors, have been proposed to provide location information for autonomous safety monitoring. However, previous studies indicated that imperfections (errors, uncertainty, and inconsistency) exist in the data collected from those sensors and the data imperfections have great impacts on autonomous safety monitoring system performance. This paper explores five computationally light-weight approaches to deal with the data imperfections, aiming to improve the system performance. The authors built a scaled autonomous crane safety monitoring testbed with a mounted localization system to collect location data and developed five representative test cases based on a live construction jobsite. Seven hundred and sixty location readings were collected at thirty-eight test points from the sensors. Those location data was fed into the reasoning mechanisms with five approaches to generate the safety decisions at those thirty-eight test points and evaluate system performance in terms of precision, recall and accuracy. The results indicate that system performance can be improved if at least ten position readings from sensors can be collected at small intervals at any location along the moving path. However, by including additional data such as velocity and acceleration that may be read from devices mounted on workers, localization error may be significantly reduced. These findings represent a path forward to improve localization accuracy by mixing imperfect data from the sensed environment with supplemental input.     

关于中压电缆网双环接线方式供电能力的分析

结合北京地区现阶段对相关技术的规定,以实际供用电方案为例,对中压电缆网双环接线方式的供电能力进行深入讨论。通过设计环网单元划分,发现某些条件下双环网供电能力可以得到进一步提升。     

农配网变压器烧毁的原因分析及防范对策

针对山区阳春市农配网的特点,从线路短路、雷击、负荷不平衡、运行维护不当等四个方面出发,详细分析了可能导致农配网变压器烧毁的原因,并提出了具体的防范对策,为农配网的运行维护人员提供参考,防止事故的发生。     

10 kV配网供电可靠性技术的思考

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,人们对电力系统可靠性的要求不断提高。10 kV配网供电直接影响着我国各行业的安全运行。为了保障社会用电,我国加大了对城市管网的改造力度。通过分析影响配网供电可靠性的因素,提出了提高配网供电可靠性的措施。