Legal consequences for alcohol-impaired drivers injured in motor vehicle collisions: A systematic review

Background

The treatment of alcohol-impaired drivers injured in a motor vehicle collision (MVC) is a complex public health issue. We conducted a systematic review to describe the legal consequences for alcohol-impaired drivers injured in a MVC and taken to a hospital or trauma center. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases from inception until August 2014. We included studies that reported legal consequences including charges or convictions of injured drivers taken to a hospital or trauma center after a MVC with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeding the legal limit.Results Twenty-six studies met inclusion criteria; twenty studies were conducted in the USA, five in Canada, and one in Sweden. All were cohort studies (23 retrospective, 3 prospective) and included 11,409 patients overall. A total of 5,127 drivers had a BAC exceeding the legal limit, with legal consequences reported in 4937 cases. The median overall DUI/DWI conviction rate was 13% (range 0–85%). The median percentage of drivers with a previous conviction on their record for driving under the influence (DUI) or driving while intoxicated (DWI) was 15.5% (range 6–40%). The median percentage of drivers convicted again for DUI/DWI during the study period was 3.5% (range 2–10%). Heterogeneity between study designs, legal jurisdictions, institutional procedures and policies for obtaining a legally admissible BAC measurement precluded a meta-analysis. Conclusions The majority of intoxicated drivers injured in MVCs and seen in the emergency department are never charged or convicted. A substantial proportion of injured intoxicated drivers had more than one conviction for DUI/DWI on their police record.     

Contact lens prescribing trends in the UK hospital eye service

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the types of contact lenses fitted by hospital optometrists within the Midlands region of the United Kingdom (UK).MethodA questionnaire was sent to all the lead optometrists of the Midlands Hospital Optometry Group (MHOG). This group includes optometry hospital eye departments within the Midlands region of the UK. The questionnaire requested information of their last ten contact lens fitting appointments. Details of the patient’s age, gender, lens type, wearing times, and presenting condition were retrospectively taken from the patients’ records using the appointment diary to identify the last ten patients fitted with contact lenses.ResultsDetails from a total of 109 contact lens fits were collected. This included 45 females and 64 males with a mean age of 39.4 ± 17.4 years. The mean wearing time was 6.3 ± 1.0 days per week and 10.7 ± 5.1 h per day. Sixty-one percent of the contact lenses fitted were for patients with keratoconus and over half of all the contact lenses fitted were corneal rigid gas permeable lenses.ConclusionThis study highlighted that the main reason for fitting contact lenses in hospital contact lens practice is primary corneal ectasia, and mainly keratoconus. Whilst most patients with keratoconus were fitted with corneal rigid gas permeable contact lenses, around 1 in 6 were fitted with soft contact lenses. This study addresses a gap in the literature about contact lenses fitted in UK hospitals and how they differ from community contact lens practice.     

基于医院信息系统的商业智能系统研究

介绍了商业智能系统的概念及功能,对商业智能在医院信息系统中的应用进行了探索性研究,以SQL Server 2005作为构建数据仓库的技术平台,并作为对数据仓库进行联机分析的工具,给出了一个以医院住院病人医嘱为主题的数据仓库实例.探索性研究了数据仓库构建、多维数据分析、数据展现等技术问题.     

工作流技术在医院信息系统中的应用

针对当前医院信息系统中执行环境和需求的变化性,提出一种基于分布式工作流技术的系统框架.在该框架中,各个功能子模块可以动态组装和运行,以实现分布式工作流系统的柔性和扩展性,从而提高了医院信息系统对运行环境的适应性.     

医院供配电系统谐波状况普查与K系数研究

通过对上海9家医院的变压器出线侧进行谐波测试,对数据进行整理分析,得出它们的K系数随着电流谐波畸变率变化的曲线,根据曲线拟合得出了医院建筑配电变压器电流畸变率在2.6%到22%之间的K系数估算方程.便于电气设计人员通过比较容易估算的谐波畸变率计算出K系数,进而得到降容系数D.在考虑医院建筑配电系统存在谐波的情况下,提供了标准变压器降容使用估算的一个途径.     

PACS设计与实现中的几个关键问题

医学图像归档及通信系统（PACS）的设计与实现是医学图像处理领域的研究热点,同时对医院构建放射学信息系统、医院信息系统有着重要意义。结合开发图像归档服务器的经验,分析和探讨了PACS设计和实现中的几个关键问题,比如PACS的功能选择、PACS底层通信协议的选择、数据库的管理、图像存储媒体的选择、图像诊断工作站的选择、支持远程医疗的WEB数据发布策略等等。最后,阐述了一个新构建的小型PACS的机构和主要技术。     

电子病历中可视化数据挖掘技术的应用

医院数据库是一个复杂数据库,包括电子病历、医学影像、病理参数、化验结果等,电子病历是用电子设备保存、管理、传输和重现的数字化的病人医疗记录,难以直接进行数据挖掘,使用医学文本数据挖掘的方法,帮助医生分析隐藏在病历数据中的信息和对治疗方案进行研究,再使用集成视图将疾病相关的所有病历数据信息集成显示在一起,可以发现其中的医学诊断规则和模式,从而辅助医生进行疾病诊断,对现有的HIS进行改进和完善。     

创造高品质的医疗环境——广州华侨医院综合楼设计回顾

该文以广州华侨医院综合楼的工程设计为实例,从场地、功能、流线、护理单元、造型五方面入手,就现代综合医院如何创造高品质的医疗环境提出一些实用的设计策略和设计方法。     

Interconnected Approaches to Sustainable Architecture

Is minimising the negative effects of human activity on people and the planet enough, or can we aim even higher? Guest-Editor Terri Peters introduces the concept of superarchitecture: architecture that is not merely sustainable, but offers positive benefits for both human wellbeing and the environment. As demonstrated by the three international case studies she presents, it is applicable not only to healthcare architecture, but also to the spaces in which we live and work, and the wider urban realm. At its heart is a deep connection with nature.