Novel process to evaporate liquid fuels and its application to the catalytic partial oxidation of diesel

A novel process for evaporation of liquid hydrocarbons, like gasoline, diesel or kerosene, has been developed and tested. It allows to directly transfer a liquid hydrocarbon mixture into the gaseous phase avoiding all problems related to residue and carbon formation due to contact of the fuel with hot heat exchanger surfaces.     

ICE在配网自动化主站中的应用

针对配网自动化主站系统具有分布式结构,应用服务多,系统复杂等特点,提出了一套基于ICE中间件的配网自动化主站分布式应用管理框架,描述了框架的组成结构及各个部分的实现原理。基于SOA,实现了配网主站各个分布式应用的发布注册,通过统一的人机界面管理和监控各个服务,统一配置各个服务的参数。利用ICE提供的服务,实现主站各个应用之间的通信。实现了各个分布式服务主备控制,从而保证主站系统的可靠性。     

Experimental investigation of performance and emissions of the SICAI-hybrid engine systems

The use of hybrid electrical engines can provide more efficiency by reducing fuel consumption and emissions. In the research, the experimental studies on the created hybrid electric engine were presented. The hybrid engine combines an electric motor with the internal combustion engine (ICE) which is operated under spark assisted controlled auto-ignition (SICAI) combustion mode with the alternative fuels consisting of different ratios of methane–hydrogen blends. In order to establish the hybrid engine, firstly, efficiency graphs of the electrical motor were obtained experimentally. The battery charge status was also checked. The operating range of the SICAI engine in the hybrid system was identified considering performance and efficiency parameters. Based on these parameters, a hybrid algorithm was established to control the operating of the created hybrid engine system. Thus, the experimental studies were carried out for 100% methane, 90% methane-10% hydrogen, 80% methane-20% hydrogen and, 70% methane-30% hydrogen blends (by volume) at wide opening throttle (WOT) and, 50% WOT positions. Consequently, the results were discussed in terms of efficiency and emissions.     

Hydrogen–ethanol blending as an alternative fuel of spark ignition engines

The performance and pollutant emission of a four-stroke spark ignition engine using hydrogen–ethanol blends as fuel have been studied. The tests were performed using 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mass% hydrogen–ethanol blends. Gasoline fuel was used as a basis for comparison. The effect of using different blends of hydrogen–ethanol on engine power, specific fuel consumption, CO and NO_x emission was studied. Operating test results for a range of compression ratio (CR) and equivalent ratio are presented. The results show that the supplemental hydrogen in the ethanol–air mixture improves the combustion process and hence improves the combustion efficiency, expands the range of combustibility of the ethanol fuel, increases the power, reduces the s.f.c., and reduces toxic emissions. The important improvement of hydrogen addition is to reduce the s.f.c. of ethanol engines. Results were compared to those with gasoline fuel at 7 CR and stoichiometric equivalence ratio.     

利用冷诱导表达ICE1载体提高烟草抗寒性

利用拟南芥克隆转录激活因子ICE1和RD29A启动子,将ICE1连上RD29A启动子,构建成冷诱导植物表达载体pBin-RD29ICE1,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草,获得了99棵抗性转基因再生烟草植株。通过PCR鉴定44%为阳性,将PCR检测到的44棵阳性植株进行Southern杂交检测,80%为阳性。转基因与野生型烟草同时经受低温处理,前者抗寒性明显提高。     

自由活塞式内燃发电机振动特性

对自由活塞式内燃发电机建立了数学模型,理论上阐述了自由活塞的运动特性并对应制作了该系统的固有频率特性脉谱图;利用Matlab/Simulink建立了该系统仿真模型,分析讨论了自由活塞的实际运动规律,并与上述理论解进行了对比、分析.研究结果表明,自由活塞式内燃发电机的活塞运动不同于传统旋转内燃机,它可视为变阻尼、变刚度的单自由度受迫振动,振动频率与外部周期性燃烧激励相关联;此外,由于该系统的等效刚度系数以及阻尼系数均为正数,它对周期性激励表现出的响应最终稳定收敛进而保障内燃机稳定运行.该结果有利于进一步掌握自由活塞式内燃发电机的运动特性,并为实际样机设计提供了理论依据.     

ICE在VoIP中的应用

STUN(NAT会话传输应用程序)、TURN(中继方式穿越NAT)、ICE(交互式连接建立)是由IETF(互联网工程任务组)提出的处理NAT(网络地址转换)穿越问题的协议族。文章主要研究ICE在VoIP媒体传输中的应用,在基于SIP(会话发起协议)信令基础上,通过ICE解决端对端的媒体流在不经过媒体服务器中转的情况下穿越不同类型的NAT设备,实现音频、视频等媒体流的互通。     

Integration of distributed generation systems into generic types of commercial buildings in California

Distributed generation (DG) of combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) has been gaining momentum in recent years as an efficient, secure alternative for meeting increasing power demands in the world. One of the most critical and emerging markets for DG-CCHP systems is commercial and institutional buildings. The present study focuses analysis on the main economic, energy-efficiency, and environmental impacts of the integration of three types of advanced DG technologies (high-temperature fuel cells, micro-turbines, and photovoltaic solar panels) into four types of representative generic commercial building templates (small office building, medium office building, hospital, and college/school) in southern California (e.g., mild climate), using eQUEST as energy simulation tool. Detailed load profiles for the four commercial building types during times of peak electric and peak gas consumption were analyzed and complementary strategies to further increase overall building energy efficiencies such as energy efficiency measures (e.g., day lighting, exterior shading, improved HVAC performance) and thermally activated absorption cooling were also investigated. Results show that the high-temperature fuel cell (HTFC) performance is best matched with the hospital energy loads, resulting in a 98% DG capacity factor, 85% DG heat recovery factor, and $860,000 in energy savings (6 years payback). The introduction of thermally driven double-effect absorption cooling (AC) in the college building with HTFC reduces significantly the building electricity-to-thermal load ratio and boosts the heat recovery factor from 37% to 97%.     

基于ICE的安全中间件的研究与实现

分布式系统平台间的差异增加了分布式安全服务的开发复杂性,通过对网络安全技术及面向对象中间件技术的研究,结合ICE技术的优势,提出一种基于ICE的安全中间件架构模型。该方案可以降低各模块间的耦合度,提高系统安全服务的健壮性和可扩展性。同时采用ICE的分布式通信代理模块技术,实现各节点间的安全透明通信。