邯郸膨润土的特征研究

采用化学成分分析、X-射线衍射分析、红外光谱、差热分析和扫描电镜等分析方法,研究了邯郸膨润土的特征。分析结果显示,邯郸膨润土是一典型的钙基膨润土,蒙脱石含量50%左右。进行人工钠化改性所获得的膨润土具有天然钠基膨润土同样的特性。     

基于FCN-LSTM的工业烟尘图像分割

工业生产中常根据林格曼烟气黑度判断工业烟尘的污染等级,一种有效的方式是应用计算机视觉系统对工业烟尘进行监测, 其中对烟尘目标进行准确分割是该系统的关键技术。因为工业烟尘具有形状不固定、和云相似度高等特点,现有算法在复杂场景下对烟尘进行分割时容易受到干扰,分割准确度有待提高。针对这一问题,提出一种基于FCN-LSTM的工业烟尘图像分割方法,在全卷积网络对图像空间特征提取的基础上,使用长短时记忆网络提取图像序列的时间信息,通过烟尘的动态特征对运动的烟尘和背景进行区分,增强复杂场景下的抗干扰能力。实验表明,本文模型相比于全卷积网络,在复杂场景下的抗干扰能力有显著提升,能够有效克服来自云的干扰,对全卷积网络分割结果中易出现干扰点的问题也有改善,IoU指标最高有8.04%的提升。     

基于图像处理技术的烟雾检测在家庭火灾防范中应用

针对家庭火灾防范中缺少更有效、快速的实时烟雾检测问题,本文设计了一种基于图像处理技术的烟雾检测算法,能够对家庭住宅内部进行实时烟雾检测,从而实现火灾防范。本算法主要使用单阶段的端到端YOLO v3算法,对输入的烟雾数据进行学习,提取网络中不同卷积层的特征图进行联合训练。实验结果表明,和双阶段网络的烟雾图像检测方法相比,该方法检测速度快,实时效果好,同时也取得了较高的检测准确率,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

基于模式识别的火灾烟雾探测中抗水雾干扰研究

水雾与火灾烟雾在颜色、形态以及面积扩散等方面均具有相似性,容易对基于图像识别的火灾探测技术形成干扰。在同一地点及环境下使用监控系统录制火灾烟雾和水雾的真实视频,从运动方向特征和纹理特征着手进行分析,并利用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)对视频进行火灾烟雾和水雾的识别。实验结果表明,火灾烟雾与水雾在运动方向特征及纹理特征中熵和对比度上有明显差异,火灾烟雾识别时使用运动方向特征及纹理特征既能准确的识别出火灾烟雾,又能极大减小疑似烟雾目标带来的干扰。     

Numerical Simulation of Energy Saving Potential in Dispersing Process of Blasted Smoke in Mines

The dispersing process of the blasted smoke in underground mines by ventilation is very important for the safety of personnel, and its energy consumption is also worthy of concern. In this study, the impact of supply air flow rate on the decay process of harmful gases and fan energy, and the role of harmful gases buried by blasted pile in the smoke dispersing process is analyzed with three-dimensional numerical simulation. According to the results, air flow facilitates quick smoke dispersion and the gas emits from the blasted pile is only significant at the beginning of ventilation. It is thus recommended that large amount of air supply is taken to disperse the smoke quickly until the concentration of harmful gases reaches relevant standards, and reduce the amount of air in the remain time with frequency conversion technology to save energy. In the given study, 12 m/s air flow rate is taken for dispersing smoke and 3 m/s air flow rate is taken for the waiting time. The energy consumption for ventilation is reduced by about 50％. In addition, due to the gases in the blasted pile remains very high concentration after the dispersing process, it is recommended to keep suitable amount of ventilation in the consequent process.     

Atmospheric CO2 retrieval with a look-up-table based method by combining near and thermal infrared spectra

In order to precisely retrieve the atmospheric CO2 , a retrieval method based on both near infrared （NIR） and thermal infrared （TIR） is established firstly. Then a look-up-table （LUT） based fast line-by-line radiative transfer model （RTM） was integrated into the retrieval procedure to accelerate radiative transfer calculations. The LUT stores gas absorption cross-sections as a function of temperature, pressure and wavenumber. It could greatly reduce calculating time in radiative transfer compared to direct line-by-line method. Then retrieval was simulated using NIR, TIR and both bands. The retrieved CO2 profiles suggest joint approach could reconstruct CO2 profile better than those using NIR or TIR alone. Joint retrieval using both bands simultaneously could provide better constrain to CO2 vertical distribution in the whole troposphere.     

锥形量热法研究木质素基膨胀型阻燃剂对环氧树脂阻燃抑烟效果

以来自自然界储量第二的木质素作为膨胀型阻燃剂的基体,通过接枝氮、磷元素成功合成碳源、酸源、气源三位一体的木质素基膨胀型阻燃剂（Lig-T）,实现了良好的阻燃性能。将Lig?T按照不同含量添加到环氧树脂（EP）中制备EP/Lig-T复合材料,以锥形量热测试考察复合材料的热稳定性能和阻燃性能,并重点考察复合材料在接近真实火灾事故时的热释放和烟释放规律。结果表明,当Lig-T含量为20 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的热释放速率峰值为1 374 kW/m²、热释放总量为41.63 MJ/m²、烟释放总量为1 634 m²/m²,与EP参比试样的数值相比,均呈现下降的趋势,燃烧结束的残炭率从4.26 %增至10.01 %。基于气相和凝聚相的协效阻燃机理,木质素作为膨胀型阻燃剂的碳源使得复合材料在高温条件下具备更好的成炭效果,在燃烧过程中形成稳定且致密的炭层结构,在实现高效阻燃的同时减少有毒烟气的释放,降低火灾的危害。     

Quantitative determination of corrosion products and adsorbed water on copper in humid air containing SO2 by IR-RAS measurements

The time dependency of the amounts of corrosion products and co-existing adsorbed water on copper in humid air containing SO₂ was estimated from a series of in situ time-resolved IR-RAS spectra on the basis of the relations between the band intensities and the mass changes of the corrosion products, which were determined by simultaneous measurement of IR-RAS and QCM. The amounts of both corrosion products increased slowly at the initial stage and later increased rapidly. Although the relative humidity was kept constant, the amount of adsorbed water increased nearly the same behavior as that of corrosion products in the stage of relatively small amounts of corrosion products and later increased rapidly when the amounts of corrosion products increased. In humid air without SO₂, sulfite gradually decomposed and some of it changed into sulfate.     

有机大阳离子与HnXW12O40·nH2O（X=B，Si，P）多金属氧酸盐的合成及热行为

合成了3种新的多金属氧酸盐(CTMA)5BW12O40·8H2O,(CTMA)4SiW12O40·3H2O,(CTMA)3PW12O40·2H2O,利用元素分析、IR光谱和TG-DTA技术对其进行了表征.IR光谱表明这些化合物不仅含有Keggin型结构,而且存在有机大阳离子的特征吸收峰;TG-DTA曲线显示它们的热行为是一个多步分解过程,首先这些化合物在大约269℃以下脱去水分子,然后它们的无水多金属氧酸盐经历了两步或3步的分解过程,分别脱去CTMA分子及其碎片,并伴随Keggin型结构的塌陷.通过XRD和IR光谱确证其最终分解产物是一个含有WO3与B2O3,SiO2或P2O5的混合物.同时还提出了这些化合物可能的热分解过程.     

一种带负充电泵的IR2110驱动抗干扰电路设计

由于IR2110内部不能产生负电压,因此在采用零电压关断IGBT时容易产生毛刺干扰,对此研究了IGBT体寄生二极管反向恢复过程,并结合IGBT的输入阻抗米勒效应,分析出IR2110零电压关断毛刺干扰产生原因,最后对IR2110典型零电压关断电路进行改进,设计一种带负充电泵的IR2110关断电路.经实验验证,该电路可有效解决IR2110的零电压关断毛刺干扰问题,保证逆变器的工作稳定性.