Young’s modulus evolution during heating,re-sintering and cooling of partially sintered alumina ceramics

The Young modulus of partially and fully sintered alumina ceramics, obtained by firing to different temperatures (range 1200–1600°C), has been determined via impulse excitation, and the evolution of Young’s modulus of partially sintered alumina with temperature has been monitored from room temperature to 1600°C. As expected, the room-temperature Young modulus of the partially sintered materials is lower than all theoretical predictions. With increasing temperature Young’s modulus decreases, until the original firing temperature is exceeded and sintering (densification) continues, resulting in a steep Young’s modulus increase. During heating and cooling the temperature dependence obeys a master curve for alumina, unless the temperature of the original firing is excessively low.     

Arm strength and impulse generation: Initiation of wheelchair movement by the physically disabled

The initiation of wheelchair movement is a function of starting technique, upper extremity strength and the stabilizing potential of the trunk musculature. This study examined the relation between arm strength, activity level, degree of disability and the maximum impulse generated from a resting position while seated in a wheelchair. Two starting techniques were examined using a force platform.

Sixteen male paraplegic adults (age 28·1 ±6·9 year, supine length l·62±0·16m, total body mass 61·2±16·2 kg) performed three grab starts and three strike starts on a Kistler force platform. For each technique, the processed data were averaged together and impulse in the forward/backward and vertical directions was determined. Isokinetic shoulder flexion and elbow extension moments of force were measured at an angular velocity of 60 degs^?1. Peak power and average power were calculated from digitized values of the moment of force-time curves.

Subjects were classified as highly active (HA, >2 exercise periods per week, N = 8) or less active (LA, N = 8). In addition, the site of spinal cord injury was quantified as a high level lesion (HL, above T10, N = 7) or low level lesion (LL, N = 9). There were no differences (p>0·05) between activity or lesion level groups with respect to age, height, total body mass or skinfold thicknesses. Nor were there significant differences between groups for shoulder and elbow power values. However, shoulder flexion scores for the combined groups were greater than those scores for elbow extension (peak power, 72·9 W versus 49·5 W; average power, 51·8 W versus 37·2 W). The grab start produced more forward impulse (the integral of forward force × time) (152·6 N s) than the strike start (119·5 N s, p < 0·05), but the magnitude of this difference was similar for the several groups. Wheelchair impulse scores were well correlated with strength values in both HA and LA subjects (r=0·74 to 0·89). However, the intercepts of the regression lines were dissimilar between activity groups, suggesting an interaction between activity pattern, muscle force and impulse.     

基于粒子群算法的图像椒盐噪声去除算法

针对图像中的椒盐噪声消除问题,提出了一种基于粒子群算法的自适应开关中值滤波算法。提出的滤波器算法主要由两大阶段组成:噪声检测阶段和噪声滤除阶段。与标准中值滤波相比,提出的自适应开关中值滤波算法能够生成污染图像的噪波图。通过噪波图可以得到图像的污染和未污染像素信息。在滤除过程中,滤波器计算出未污染相邻像素的中值并且替换污染像素。仿真实验结果证实了所提算法的有效性,其能够有效地提高图像的峰值信噪比和图像质量;相比现有其他方法,所提算法的去噪效果更好。     

相关函数脉冲响应法系统实时辨识

结合了相关函数法和脉冲响应法两种经典系统辨识方法原理,在随机信号干扰的情况下,设计对系统实现实时辨识的仿真软件,获得系统的非参数模型。该仿真设计中,以M序列作为输入信号,白噪声信号作为干扰信号,进行了Matlab仿真实验,讨论了M序列的幅值,采样时间和周期长度对系统辨识效果的影响,以及分析M序列的选取方法来减少系统辨识误差。     

Adaptive receding horizon control for constrained MIMO systems

An adaptive control algorithm for open-loop stable, constrained, linear, multiple input multiple output systems is presented. The proposed approach can deal with both input and output constraints, as well as measurement noise and output disturbances. The adaptive controller consists of an iterative set membership identification algorithm, that provides a set of candidate plant models at each time step, and a model predictive controller, that enforces input and output constraints for all the plants inside the model set. The algorithm relies only on the solution of standard convex optimization problems that are guaranteed to be recursively feasible. The experimental results obtained by applying the proposed controller to a quad-tank testbed are presented.     

Color differences based fuzzy filter for extremely corrupted color images

In this paper, a color difference based fuzzy filter is presented for fix and random-valued impulse noise. Noise detection scheme of two stages was applied to detect noise efficiently whereas for noise removal an improved Histogram based Fuzzy Color Filter (HFC) is presented. Pixels detected as noisy by the noise detection scheme are deliberated as candidate for the removal of noise. Candidate noisy pixels are then processed using a modified Histogram based Fuzzy Color Filter to estimate their non-noisy values. The idea of using multiple fuzzy membership functions is presented, so that best suitable membership function for local image statistics can be used automatically. In the proposed technique we have used three different types of fuzzy membership functions (bell-shaped, trapezoidal-shaped, and triangular-shaped) and their fuzzy number construction algorithms are proposed. Experimentation is also performed with three, five, and seven membership functions. Type and number of suitable fuzzy membership functions are then identified to remove noise. Comparison with the existing filtering techniques is established on the basis of objective quantitative measures including structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR). Simulations show that this filter is superior to that of the existing state-of-the-art filtering techniques in removing fix and random-valued impulse noise whereas retaining the details of the image contents.     

形成三星星座的最优脉冲变轨的控制与仿真

由于火箭发射入轨精度的限制,无法直接发射形成星座,星座的形成需要变轨。该文针对三星星座,进行星座发射中的最优脉冲式变轨研究,文中基于卫星相对运动状态转移方程,推出了星座双脉冲式变轨控制的理论解;利用遗传算法,对双脉冲式变轨的脉冲控制量进行了优化仿真;探讨了星座脉冲式变轨的工程实现途径,为工程应用和研究提供参考。     

基于加权空间离群点度量的随机脉冲噪声降噪算法

针对排序统计类降噪算法在随机脉冲噪声（RVIN）图像降噪过程中,对图像边缘和细节部分噪声识别不够准确以及恢复比较模糊的问题,提出了基于加权空间离群点度量（SLOM）的脉冲噪声降噪算法WSLOM-EPR。该算法以优化的空间距离差为基础,引入图像邻域均值和标准差,建立反映局部边缘细节特征的噪声检测方法,提高边缘细节处噪声的识别精度;然后以精确检测结果为基础,优化保边正则（EPR）函数,提高算法的执行效率,并增强算法保留边缘细节的能力。仿真结果显示,WSLOM-EPR算法在40%到60%噪声密度下对噪声点的误检和漏检综合表现优于对比算法,且能在两者之间保持一个较好的平衡;降噪后的峰值信噪比（PSNR）好于对比算法中的大多数情况,且边缘细节在视觉上更加清晰连续。结果表明WSLOM-EPR算法提高了噪声检测精度,有效地保持了恢复图像的边缘细节信息。     

FIR方法在维纳滤波器设计中的应用与仿真

基于最小均方误差准则,得到维纳-霍夫方程,并利用FIR(有限冲击响应)方法求解,进而得到维纳滤波器的传递函数。在MatLab环境下,基于一阶AR(自回归)模型生成原始信号,对维纳滤波器进行设计和仿真,并分析抽样点数、AR模型参数、信噪比和滤波器阶数对滤波效果的影响。仿真结果表明,增大抽样点数和信噪比以及减小AR模型参数,滤波效果增强;增大滤波器阶数,滤波效果先增强后减弱。     

单片机控制高压脉冲电网报警系统

介绍了用单片机控制高压脉冲电网,采用语音合成技术进行防盗报警应用系统的组成、原理和软件设计.