Development,contributions and trends in regional studies in Spain: An overview

The aim of this paper is to show the development of regional and urban studies in Spain, pointing out the main factors that have influenced such development, the topics analysed by the Spanish researchers and why Spain has today a remarkable position in the field of regional science. Regional problems have always taken up a very important place among the concerns of the Spanish society. This has been closely linked to longstanding historical and internal political conflicts. But, leaving aside some very interesting contributions and territorial projects developed in the past, the research on regional issues emerged really in the 1960s and the consolidation phase took place from 1975 to 2000, as explained in Sections 2 and 3. From the beginning of this century the field has received a clear thrust, supported by a new generation of economists and geographers. The increasing presence of Spanish researchers in international congresses, workshops and specialized journals enable to state that Spain has reached a similar level as in more advanced countries. Section 4 collects the most outstanding topics and innovative contributions made from 2000 to now. A short final note (section 5) points out some final remarks and why a positive continuity of the progress observed can be expected.     

Damage mitigation by innovative materials for Temple C at Selinunte

Greek temples are made of overlapped heavy stone blocks shaped to form columns and entablatures. Preservation of these constructions requires specific structural engineering effort. Present conditions of remains basically reflect centuries of loads and environmental actions, but also undesired effects of former restorations. The latter, if not properly designed, may affect the value and life expectation of these monuments.

In the present paper, a novel interpretation of the jacketing technique for temporary interventions and the application to the Greek Temple C of the Selinunte’s (Sicily) archaeological site are presented. Purpose of jacketing is to avoid worsening of the crack pattern by light confinement of stone blocks. Titanium belts and elastomeric neoprene pads are combined to attain the above-mentioned performances. Simplified design model is proposed and a 3D finite elements analysis is performed to evaluate local effects of jacketing; finally information about in situ application are given.     

建筑学专业“卓越工程师”教育培养模式建构 ——以重庆大学为例

“走中国特色新型工业化道路、建设创新型国家、建设人才强国”的国家重大战略部署,对高等工程教育改革发展提出了迫切要求。“卓越工程师教育培养计划”是一项以培养富于创新精神、工程实践能力和国际化视野的“研发型工程师”为目标的国家最新人才培养计划。结合建筑学教育强调工程实践和创新能力的职业建筑师的人才培养特点,充分利用重庆大学建筑学专业现有基础和教学改革的成果,架构“2＋2＋M（1）＋1”的新型培养体系,建立校企联合的具体方式,对建筑类领军型战略后备人才的培养模式进行了探索。     

技术革命与产业空间的转型升级策略探索

当前,科技创新日新月异,技术进 步持续塑造着城乡空间形态,新工业革命的 讨论也在不断深入。技术革命将重塑产业 与空间的“游戏规则”,不仅会诱导主导产业 转换、重构生产组织方式,也将改变单一地 点的命运,这指引着城市产业空间转型升级 的方向。因而,需要剖析其规律,针对地方 实际,提出创新驱动的产业空间转型升级策 略。重庆市经济发展已经取得了较大成就, 但由于路径依赖、用地局促、同位竞争等原 因,依然存在制造业中重工业比重大、产业空 间分散、自主创新能力薄弱等问题,不符合 新工业革命的内在要求,需要在新语境下重 新思考和理性推进新兴产业培育和产业空间 优化,以及创新生态的引导和形成。     

两极互动 实事求“适”—谈建筑设计创新思维中的辩证关系

建筑设计创新思维的研究涉及本体研究、过程研究、主体研究、客体研究、方法研究、载体研究、实践应用研究等多方面内容。基于全方位的研究,该文提出了建筑创新思维诸多子系统的要素之间的辩证关系：继承和创新的对立统一,智力因素和非智力因素的对立统一,硬客体和软客体的对立统一,逻辑思维与非逻辑思维的对立统一,发散思维与收敛思维的对立统一,求同思维与求异思维的对立统一,正向思维与逆向思维的对立统一。并论述了认清这些关系,有利于建筑创新思维的整体把握以及培养和运用。     

Assessment of innovative ventilation in the framework of the EPBD—A probabilistic approach: RESHYVENT project

The market uptake of innovative, energy efficient concepts in the building sector is to a large extent influenced by the stimuli found in building regulations. The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) makes the application of an EPB regulation mandatory for new buildings and for major renovations. If one is obliged to make an assessment of buildings in terms of energy performance, it is clear that one should be able to assess all kinds of building designs and of technologies. However, the EPB regulations (present or under development) clearly not cover all possible technologies. Among the technologies that are typically not covered by the standard procedures are innovative ventilation concepts, e.g. hybrid ventilation in dwellings. This paper wants to highlight the need for the development of a coherent approach, based on a mixture of European measures and national actions.     

Designing for a Lifetime in New York and Other US Cities

In the next 30 years, the number of senior citizens in the US will increase to become larger than any other single age group. How are cities starting to prepare for this huge expansion in the numbers of over-65s? Jerry Maltz and Christine Hunter of the Design for Aging Committee of the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIANY), aided by Eric Cohen and Susan Wright , describe how New York and other US cities are laying the necessary groundwork through the World Health Organization's Age-Friendly Cities programme, while also setting up innovative centres for senior citizens, making much-needed modifications to the physical environment and developing new approaches to affordable housing.     

中国古代妆容研究及其创新设计思考

本文总结了进行中国古代妆容研究的三种途径,分别是:文献研究、图像研究和妆容复原,并以宋代“鱼媚子妆容”为案例,分析了如何通过文献研究和图像研究进行妆容复原的全过程。提出研究中国古代妆容最终是为了体会与了解中国传统妆容的审美意向与审美元素,并最终提炼出我们中国自己的妆容文化符号与审美特征,从而为当代“中式妆容”的创新设计提供母体滋养。     

Small high temperature gas-cooled reactors with innovative nuclear burning

Since the innovative concept of CANDLE (Constant Axial shape of Neutron Flux, nuclide densities and power shape During Life of Energy producing reactor) burning strategy was proposed, intensive research works have been continuously conducted to evaluate the feasibility and the performance of the burning strategy on both fast and thermal reactors. We learned that one potential application of the burning strategy for thermal reactors is for the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGR) with prismatic/block-type fuel elements. Several characteristics of CANDLE burning strategy such as constant reactor characteristics during burn-up, no need for burn-up reactivity control mechanism, proportionality of core height with core lifetime, sub-criticality of fresh fuel elements, etc. enable us to design small sized HTGR with a high degree of safety, easiness of operation and maintenance, and long core lifetime which are required for introducing the reactors into remote areas or developing countries with limited infrastructures and resources. In the present work, we report our evaluation results on small sized block-type HTGR designs with CANDLE burning strategy and compared with other existing small HTGR designs including the ones with pebble fuel elements, under both uranium and thorium fuel cycles.     

Innovative nuclear technology based on modular multi-purpose lead–bismuth cooled fast reactors

Today's nuclear power is in the state of an intrinsic conflict between economic and safety requirements. This fact makes difficult its sustainable development.

One of the ways of finding the solution to the problem can be the use of modular fast reactors SVBR-75/100 cooled by lead–bismuth coolant that has been mastered in conditions of operating reactors of Russian nuclear submarines.

The inherent self-protection and passive safety properties are peculiar to that reactor due to physical features of small power fast reactors (100 MWe), chemical inertness and high boiling point of lead–bismuth coolant, integral design of the pool type primary circuit equipment.

Due to small power of the reactor, it is possible to fabricate the whole reactor at the factory and to deliver it to the NPP site in practical readiness by using any kind of transport including the railway.

Substantiation of the high level of reactor safety, adaptability of the SVBR-75/100 reactor relative to the fuel type and fuel cycle, issues of non-proliferation of nuclear fissile materials, opportunities of multi-purpose usage of the standard SVBR-75/100 reactors have been viewed in the paper.