Why Phenolic Acids Are Unlikely Primary Allelochemicals in Rice

Allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa, L.) effective against weeds has been found in about 3.5% of tested rice germplasm in both laboratory and field experimentation. However, the allelochemicals responsible for growth inhibition of rice-associated weeds have not yet been identified. In the literature, phenolic acids are often mentioned as putative allelochemicals. If phenolic acids commonly reach growth inhibitory concentrations in rice ecosystems, it must be expected that the degree of tolerance to phenolic acids will vary among traditional rice cultivars or plant species adapted to rice environments having inherently different phenolic acid concentrations. Phenolic acids concentrations are normally greater in submerged than in aerobic soils. A dose–response study, however, showed that seedlings of rice cultivars adapted to submerged anaerobic soils did not have higher level of tolerance against p-hydroxybenzoic acid than did seedlings of varieties adapted to aerobic upland soils. Moreover, traditional rice cultivars had no greater tolerance than did improved cultivars that were recently bred for traits other than tolerance of phenolic acids. Similarly, there were no differences in tolerance of p-hydroxybenzoic acid between two Echinochloa weed species adapted to either anaerobic or aerobic growth conditions. Thus, neither the rice cultivars nor weed species had evolved different tolerance levels against the phenolic acid. However, all rice cultivars had significantly greater tolerance of p-hydroxybenzoic acid than did either weed species. In a second experiment, the rates at which rice plants released phenolic acids into solution cultures were measured for at least one month, the time period of greatest allelopathic activity following planting under field conditions. The maximum release rate of phenolic acids during the first month of growth was approximately 10 g/plant/day. At a conventional plant density, the release rate of phenolic acids would be approximately 1 mg/m²day. This order of release rate cannot provide concentrations remotely close to phytotoxic levels determined for these rice cultivars and weed species. The results presented in this paper do not preclude the possibility that phenolic acids might be one component in a mixture of chemicals that, when present simultaneously, are allelopathic.     

基于MPUI模型的JPEG2000图像最大隐写容量

隐写容量是信息隐藏的4项性能指标之一,目前,相关科研工作者对其他3项指标,即鲁棒性、透明性和计算复杂性进行过大量的研究,但隐写容量方面的研究却很少.该研究有力地完善了信息隐藏的理论体系,根据JPEG2000压缩标准以及人眼对小波系数改变的敏感程度,借助小波系数的失真代价函数,区分出小波系数的承载秘密信息能力：失真代价函数值越小,该小波系数承载能力就越强;反之,该小波系数承载能力就越弱.当失真代价函数值大于1时,该系数不具有承载信息的能力,即为湿系数.通过最大隐写容量估算实验以及位满嵌入、过位嵌入和湿嵌入等评估实验,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

一种能够抑制锂枝晶的锂金属电池电解液润湿性添加剂

将氟代有机溶剂2,2,3,3-四氟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯(TFPMA)作为双功能添加剂引入碳酸酯电解液体系,考察了TFPMA质量分数对增大润湿性的影响.采用交流阻抗、恒流充放电等测试了添加TFPMA后的锂金属电池性能.采用SEM和XPS表征了循环后的锂金属电极表面.结果表明,1.0％(质量分数,下同)TFPMA的添加使电解液与隔膜间的接触角从54°降至44°,内阻从6.15Ω降至1.94Ω,Li-LiFePO4电池在5 C电流密度下的比容量从66 mA·h/g提升至80 mA·h/g,1 C电流密度下的恒电流循环在100圈时还保持99％以上的库仑效率.TFPMA还促进了Li+的均匀沉积和优良固体电解质界面膜的形成,抑制了锂枝晶,电解液添加了1.0％TFPMA后,Li-Cu电池可以循环100圈以上,而库仑效率没有发生较大下降.循环后电极的SEM图表明,添加了1.0％TFPMA电解液的锂金属负极表面沉积更加平整,有较少的锂枝晶生成.     

On adaptive sliding mode control without switching gain overestimation

This paper presents some further results on adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) for a class of nonlinear systems with bounded uncertain parameters. Given a large initial tracking error, current ASMC design generally produces an unnecessarily large switching gain, consequently leading to a serious chattering problem or a large‐amplitude control jump for the continuous counterpart. To solve such an overadaptation problem, the switching gain adaptation mechanism is first analyzed in this paper, and the adaptation induced by the initial tracking error is suggested to be removed. Then, by exploiting the global sliding mode feature of time‐varying sliding mode control and integral sliding mode control, we present two effective methodologies for ASMC design. The proposed ASMC algorithms ensure that there is no overestimation of the switching gain and the system response is not slowed down when a small switching gain is generated. The validity of the proposed methods is verified by both theoretical analysis and simulation results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Monitoring slope deformation using a 3-D laser image scanning system:a case study

An ILRIS-36D 3-D laser image scanning system was used to monitor the Anjialing strip mine slope on Pingshuo in Shanxi province.The basic working principles,performance indexes,features and data collection and processing methods are illustrated.The point cloud results are analyzed in detail.The rescale range analysis method was used to analyze the deformation characteristics of the slope.The results show that the trend of slope displacement is stable and that the degree of landslide danger is low.This work indicates that 3-D laser image scanning can supply multi-parameter,high precision real time data over long distances.These data can be used to study the distortion of the slope quickly and accurately.     

相控充电机谐波分析与抑制

以变电站直流屏相控充电机为研究对象,对相控充电机在输人交流侧产生谐波电流的原理进行分析,将单周控制的三相并联型有源滤波器应用于谐波治理中,建立模型,并利用MATLAB进行仿真分析,说明补偿效果好。     

基于AVR单片机的新型光电整纬检测设备的研制

针对国内整纬装置的自动化程度亟待提高的现状,提出一种新型的基于AVR单片机的光电整纬检测设备.本设计选用ATmega128为CPU,应用光电检测原理,采用旋转式狭缝检测,在单片机内部实现AD转换,可对织物纬纱进行有效迅速的纬斜检测,检测精度可达0.25°.     

基于H.264/AVC的动态分组多描述编码方法研究

多描述编码是一种容错能力强,稳定性好的编码技术.以H.264/AVC中的分组概念为基础,通过将每个描述中的码流使用动态片组交换器分成主片组和次片组,并使用运动矢量的时空预测方法来代替普通的帧预测方法,基本上可以得到更优的率失真.实验表明,与固定划分片组的静态分组多描述编码比较,该方法以较少的冗余换取了更高的信噪比.     

Methane absorption and application of mixed organic aggregate prepared from Span80 and alkaline salt

The water-based materials for mine gas absorption and explosion suppression were prepared, in which the mixed organic aggregate of Span80 and alkaline salt can be used as methane absorbent. Methane was used as a model of mine gas, and the absorptions of methane with different complex materials were studied using head space gas chromatography. Then the state of aqueous material was characterized with laser light scattering instrument and the effects of different complex materials on explosion suppression were preliminarily studied in explosion chamber which can simulate mine gas explosion. The research results showed that complex material could absorb methane and there was some correlation between the mean diameter of organic aggregate in aqueous material and the absorption effect. Additionally, the aqueous material could suppress the methane explosion to some degree. The material can absorb mine gas in atomization condition, therefore, degrease mine gas concentration and influence the distribution of mine gas in the space, and then suppress the mine gas explosion to some extent.     

ZYBG型矿用瓦斯输送管道自动抑爆装置研制

为了保障瓦斯输送管道的安全性,采用主动抑爆技术研制了ZYBG型矿用瓦斯输送管道自动抑爆装置。该装置利用火焰探测器探测瓦斯爆炸信号,并将信号通过光电转换传输给控制器,控制器对信号进行判定和分析,在爆炸接近防护区间的瞬间快速打开高压抑爆器,释放抑爆介质,熄灭火焰,阻断爆炸的进一步传播。抑爆性能试验结果表明,该抑爆装置能够在5ms内快速捕捉火焰信息,并在35ms内迅速喷洒抑爆介质。