Alternating,all-trans polyenynes: Model compounds for poly(diacetylene)s with defined conjugation length

The syntheses of polyenynes as model compounds for poly(diacetylene)s (PDAs) are described. Variation of properties (UV–VIS, Raman, NMR and bond geometries) as a function of the chain length was investigated. After extrapolation to infinite chain length these data were compared to those for PDAs. From UV–VIS spectra a value of λ = 551 nm (2.25 eV) was calculated corresponding to the electronic transition of a single polyenyne chain. This energy is located at the low energy end of a yellow PDA solution spectrum. From Raman scattering v_(C?C) = 2108–2128 cm^?1 and v_(C?C) = 1505–1532 cm^?1 were calculated after extrapolation. Similarly sp-C¹³C NMR data yielded a shift of δ = 100 ppm. These data are almost identical to data known for yellow PDA solutions. Bond geometries are almost identical to those of poly(diacetylene)s and theoretical data.     

Studies on the structural and ionic transport properties at elevated temperatures of La1−xMnO3±δ synthesized by a wet chemical method

Structural transformation and ionic transport properties are investigated on wet-chemically synthesized La_1−xMnO₃ (x=0.0–0.18) compositions. Powders annealed in oxygen/air at 1000–1080 K exhibit cubic symmetry and transform to rhombohedral on annealing at 1173–1573 K in air/oxygen. Annealing above 1773 K in air or in argon/helium at 1473 K stabilized distorted rhombohedral or orthorhombic symmetry. Structural transformations are confirmed from XRD and TEM studies. The total conductivity of sintered disks, measured by four-probe technique, ranges from 5 S cm⁻¹ at 298 K to 105 S cm⁻¹ at 1273 K. The ionic conductivity measured by blocking electrode technique ranges from 1.0×10⁻⁶ S cm⁻¹ at 700 K to 2.0×10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 1273 K. The ionic transference number of these compositions ranges from 3.0×10⁻⁵ to 5.0×10⁻⁵ at 1273 K. The activation energy deduced from experimental data for ionic conduction and ionic migration is 1.03–1.10 and 0.80–1.00 eV, respectively. The activation energy of formation, association and migration of vacancies ranges from 1.07 to 1.44 eV.     

Synthesis,Properties, and Photopolymerization of Liquid‐Crystalline Oxetanes: Application in Transflective Liquid‐Crystal Displays

Mixtures of liquid‐crystalline di‐oxetanes and mono‐oxetanes are made for the purpose of making birefringent films by photopolymerization. The composition of a di‐oxetane mixture that forms spin‐coated films of planarly aligned nematic monomers is reported. These films are photopolymerized in air. The molecular order of the monomers can be changed on the microscale to form thin films with alternating birefringent and isotropic parts by using a combination of photopolymerization and heating. The interface observed between the birefringent and isotropic 10 μm × 10 μm domains is very sharp and the films show hardly any surface corrugation. In addition, the polymerized films are thermally stable, making them very suitable for use as patterned thin‐film retarders in high‐performance transflective liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) which satisfy customer demand for displays that are brighter and thinner and that deliver better optical performance than conventional LCDs with an external non‐patterned retarder.     

Synthesis and properties of polystyrene/graphite nanocomposites

In this paper, graphite/polystyrene nanocomposite is synthesized by in situ polymerization of styrene in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution system of potassium (K)-THF-graphite intercalation compound (GIC). K-THF-GIC has proved to initiate polymerization of styrene by the anionic mechanism. Due to the interfacial interaction between the graphite nanolayers and the polymer, the composites exhibit higher glass transition temperature and higher thermal stability when compared to polystyrene. The percolation threshold in the conductivity of the composites is lesser than 8.2 wt% and the dielectric constant can reach as high as 136.     

Fabrication of Arsenic Sulfide Optical Fiber with Low Hydrogen Impurities

Arsenic sulfide glass optical fibers typically possess extrinsic absorption bands in the infrared wavelength region associated with residual hydrogen and oxygen related impurities, despite using purified precursors. We report a purification process based on the addition of tellurium tetrachloride (TeCl₄) to the glass. During melting, the chlorine from TeCl₄ reacts with the hydrogen impurities to produce volatile products (e.g., HCl) that can be removed by subsequent dynamic distillation. The processing conditions have been modified accordingly to produce optical fibers with significantly reduced loss due to hydrogen sulfide impurity content (1.5 dB/m).     

Characteristics of a NaOH-Activated Blast Furnace Slag Blended with a Fine Particle Silica Waste

Mortars of blast furnace slag blended with a geothermal silica waste at various replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were cured for up to 90 days. The binder was activated by 6 wt% Na₂O equivalent of sodium hydroxide. Lime was added as an activating agent and also to promote pozzolanic reaction with the silica. It was found that the presence of the silica waste increased the reactivity of the cementitious materials, as measured by means of nonevaporable water. The compressive strength was increased in the presence of the silica, except at the highest replacement level of 20%, the optimum silica replacement was that of 5%–10%. The microstructures of blended slag showed less porosity than those of neat slag mortars. The lime was completely consumed after 90 days of hydration.     

银川市室内环境空气污染现状及治理措施的初探

本文通过对银川市室内环境空气污染现状的调查与检测,阐述了室内环境空气污染的来源及危害,提出了污染治理措施。     

Study of the solid-liquid equilibria in the LiPO3-Y(PO3)3 binary system

The LiPO₃-Y(PO₃)₃ system has been studied for the first time. Microdifferential thermal analysis (μ-DTA), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the liquidus and solidus relations. The only new compound observed within this system is LiY(PO₃)₄, melting incongruently at 1104 K. An eutectic appears at 4±1 mol% Y(PO₃)₃ at 933 K. LiY(PO₃)₄ crystallizes in the monoclinic system C_2/c with a unit cell: a=16.201(4) Å, b=7.013(2) Å, c=9.573(2) Å, β=125.589(9)°, Z=4 and V=884.5 Å³, which is isostructural to LiNd(PO₃)₄. The infrared absorption spectrum indicates that this salt is a chain polyphosphate.