棕榈纤维生物炭的制备及其对U(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

采集棕榈树纤维制成生物炭,并经KOH改性、微波辐照,合成了KOH改性棕榈纤维生物炭(K-M-PFC),研究了含铀溶液pH值、反应时间、初始U(Ⅵ)浓度、吸附剂用量等因素对K-M-PFC吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响。结果表明,在溶液U(Ⅵ)初始浓度10 mg/L、反应温度30 ℃、pH=5、K-M-PFC用量0.233 g/L、反应时间75 min条件下,K-M-PFC对U(Ⅵ)的最大吸附量可达到43.042 mg/g。     

16MnR低合金钢在KOH溶液中的腐蚀行为

研究了16MnR低合金钢在不同浓度KOH溶液中的腐蚀行为和腐蚀速率,并利用电化学测试对16MnR钢腐蚀过程中的电化学行为特征进行了研究。结果表明：随着KOH浓度的增大,16MnR钢的自腐蚀电位和极化电阻变低,自腐蚀电流密度变大,维钝电流密度也有所增加,腐蚀速率变大;电化学阻抗谱分析所得结论与线性极化和动电位极化的结果相一致。扫描电镜观察表明：在浸泡腐蚀实验中,16MnR钢表面的腐蚀程度随KOH浓度的增大而越来越严重,能谱分析表明该腐蚀产物主要为Fe₂O₃。     

KOH和ZnCl2活化剂对苎麻秆基活性炭微观结构的影响

以废弃苎麻秆为原料,通过KOH、ZnCl2活化及直接炭化三种方式制备样品。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、N2吸附等温线和X射线衍射(XRD)对碳质材料的微观骨架、孔分布和晶体结构进行分析。结果表明,样品微观形貌呈现多孔性。炭化样中含两种孔径大小的多边形孔道结构,且被一定厚度的孔壁隔开,孔壁上含有较多未通透的孔。基于吸附等温线及BET理论,KOH和ZnCl2样品比表面积分别为1194.22 m2/g和741.9 m2/g。ZnCl2活性炭总孔容为0.38 cm3/g,平均孔径为2.408 nm,与之相比,KOH样品总孔容变为1.5倍,平均孔径达1.911 nm。XRD研究表明,正是活化反应导致材料晶型变化,添加KOH使活性炭石墨微晶形成明显乱层结构,促进了微孔和中孔的形成。     

氢氧化钾活化石油焦制备高比表面积活性炭

研究了以石油焦为原料,用氢氧化钾为活化剂制备高比表面积活性炭方法。通过正交实验与进一步的单因素实验考察了碱焦比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭碘吸附值和活化收率的影响。实验结果表明碱焦比对活性炭碘吸附值影响最显著,增大碱焦比、延长活化时间和选择合适的活化温度能提高碘吸附能力。在碱焦比为4∶1,活化温度750℃和活化时间120 min条件下制备的活性炭BET比表面积可达2775 m2/g,总孔容为2.888 cm3/g。     

Removal of iron from ilmenite by KOH leaching-oxalate leaching method

Oxalic acid was used for the removal of iron from the intermediates of ilmenite leached by KOH liquor. Various parameters, such as pH, temperature, initial oxalate concentration, and illumination were investigated. Meanwhile, it was found that orthorhombic crystal Ti2O2(OH)2(C2O4)·H2O formed as the leaching proceeded. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images implied that the formation of Ti2O2(OH)2(C2O4)·H2O with good crystallinity proceeded through three stages. Calcining Ti2O2(OH)2(C2O4)·H2O, anatase (350°C) or rutile (550°C) type TiO2 was obtained, respectively. Element analysis found that the calcined product contained 94.9% TiO2 and 2.5% iron oxide, but only about 1600 ppm dissolvable iron oxide was left, which indicates that oxalic acid was comparatively effective on iron oxide removal from the intermediates. Finally, an improved route was proposed for the upgrading of ilmenite into rutile.     

Intensification of continues biodiesel production process using a simultaneous mixer- separator reactor

Nowadays, Biodiesel as an alternative, sustainable and less toxic fuel has been accepted by both researchers and industry. Developing process intensification reactors with the aim of reaching more efficient process has captured the attention of many researchers recently. In order to examine a novel reactor for biodiesel production using Waste Cooking Oil as a cost-effective feedstock, and KOH as an efficient homogeneous catalyst, the present study was developed to investigate three effective parameters (Oil flow rate, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature) focusing on transesterification reaction yield in the Simultaneous Mixer-Separator (SMS) reactor, designed and fabricated exclusively for biodiesel production at Tarbiat Modares University (TMU). As the findings indicated, rising the flow rate presented an increasing trend up to 15 mL/min and a decreasing trend was found after this level. Also, catalyst concentration up to 1% w/w showed an increasing trend which was significant. Analysis of reaction temperature showed that at 60^°C the maximum yield is obtained. Furthermore, 15 mL/min oil flow rate, 1% w/w KOH concentration and 60^?C were selected as the optimal reaction conditions for continuous biodiesel production. At this point, the produced biodiesel followed by the purification step reached the yield of 96%. The produced biodiesel physicochemical properties were found to meet ASTM D6751 standard. All in all, continuous production capability, higher productivity, simultaneous separation of products, and the successful handling of waste resources distinguish the SMS reactor as a potential and efficient process intensification reactor.     

KOH modified Nafion112 membrane for high performance alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell

A polymer electrolyte membrane for alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell (ADEFC) was prepared by dipping Nafion112 membrane into KOH solution for some time at room temperature. The obtained membrane (Nafion112/KOH) exhibited higher mechanical properties and thermal stability than Nafion112 membrane. The ionic conductivity of Nafion112/KOH in 1 M, 2 M and 6 M KOH solutions was 0.011 S/cm, 0.026 S/cm, 0.032 S/cm, respectively, depending on internal OH⁻ concentration and the volume fraction of the internal aqueous phase. Single cell performance suggested that active ADEFC with Nafion112/KOH membrane can deliver a peak power density of 58.87 mW/cm² at 90 °C, meanwhile, it can stably run for at least 12 h above 0.2 V. On the other hand, Pt-free air breathing ADEFC with Nafion112/KOH can output a peak power density of 11.5 mW/cm² at 60 °C, and the corresponding lifetime was as long as 473 h above 0.3 V.     

KOH对离子交换增强硼硅酸盐玻璃性能的影响

采用低温型离子交换法对硼硅酸盐玻璃进行增强。以掺有添加剂KOH的KNO3混合熔盐作为离子交换源,研究KOH掺入量对硼硅酸盐玻璃抗折强度、显微硬度和透过率的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察离子交换后试样的表面形貌和结构。研究结果表明:KNO3熔盐中的WKOH/WKNO3为0.5时,硼硅酸盐玻璃的抗折强度和显微硬度都取得了最大值。     

超声波合成法制备二苯并-18-冠-6

采用超声波合成法,以邻苯二酚和二甘醇二(对甲基苯磺酸)酯为原料,二甲基亚砜为溶剂,氢氧化钾为催化剂兼模板,合成二苯并-18-冠-6,通过IR和HNMR鉴定,收率达到41.67%。较之传统方法具有操作简单、反应时间短、反应条件温和等优势。     

KOH活化焦油渣制备活性炭的研究

以武钢焦化公司焦油渣为原料,KOH为活化剂,采用正交实验研究了活化温度、活化时间、碱炭比（氢氧化钾与焦化除尘灰的质量比）和炭化温度对所制活性炭吸附性能的影响,得出制备焦油渣基活性炭影响因素主次顺序为活化温度、活化时间、碱炭比、炭化温度,最佳活化条件为活化温度为800℃,活化时间为100min,碱炭比为4：1,炭化温度为400℃。在此条件下制备活性炭的碘吸附值为1300．765mg／g。