Dedolomitization in different alkaline media: Application to Portland cement paste

The dedolomitization reaction kinetics is studied through several long-term experiments consisting of an aqueous dispersion of fine powders of dolomite and portlandite with alkalinity between 0.1 and 1 M KOH, at 25 and 75 °C. The experimental results are numerically simulated to calculate the apparent dissolution constant rates for dolomite, k_dol. At low temperature, two dissolution stages were observed. In an early stage, part of dolomite powder dissolves quickly until an apparent steady is reached. After several days, the reaction continues at a lower rate. The calculated dissolution rate for dolomite in the first stage is one order of magnitude higher than that of the second stage. At 75 °C, the k_dol is two orders of magnitude higher than at 25 °C. The addition of alkali increases the k_dol at high temperature, but reduces it at room temperature.     

Preparation of activated carbon dots from sugarcane bagasse for naphthalene removal from aqueous solutions

ABSTRACT

The synthesis of cheap and environmental friendly adsorbent from residual sugarcane bagasse was done for the removal of naphthalene from aqueous solution. The activated carbon dot was obtained by KOH chemical activation of carbon dots. The characteristics of carbon dots and activated carbon dots were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch system to assess the effect of the system variables, i.e., initial pH, initial naphthalene concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The kinetic data showed better fit to the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data were better fitted to Freundlich and Temkin isotherms.     

Electrochemical capacitors based on highly porous carbons prepared by KOH activation

Various coal and pitch-derived carbonaceous materials were activated for 5 h at 800 °C using potassium hydroxide and 1:4 component ratio. Porosity development of the resultant activated carbons (ACs) was assessed by N₂ sorption at 77 K and their capability of the charge accumulation in electric double layer was determined using galvanostatic, voltammetric and impedance spectroscopy techniques. ACs produced from different precursors are all microporous in character but differ in terms of the total pore volume (from 1.05 to 1.61 cm³ g⁻¹), BET surface area (from 1900 to 3200 m² g⁻¹) and pore size distribution. Very promising capacitance values, ranging from 200 to 320 F g⁻¹, have been found for these materials operating in acidic 1 mol l⁻¹ H₂SO₄ electrolytic solution. The variations in the electrochemical behavior (charge propagation, self-discharge, frequency response) are considered in relation to the porous texture characteristics, elemental composition but also possible effect of structural ordering due to various precursor materials used. Cycling investigation of all the capacitors has been also performed to compare ability of the charge accumulation for different carbon materials during subsequent cycles.     

恒温磁力搅拌下KOH刻蚀Si的研究

采用恒温磁力搅拌的方法,在KOH溶液中湿法刻蚀Si。在掩模层为SiO2时,研究了刻蚀速率随KOH浓度与温度的变化关系。结果表明:在110℃、30%的KOH溶液下,刻蚀Si(100)可以得到4.0μm/min的刻蚀速率,Si(100):SiO2的刻蚀速率比为550:1,Si(100):Si(111)的刻蚀速率比为90:1,而且可以得到光滑的刻蚀表面与形状。     

硅各向异性浅槽腐蚀实验研究

通过实验分析,对比了异丙醇(IPA)和超声波对Si(100)面在KOH溶液和四甲基氢氧化氨(TMAH)溶液中的浅槽腐蚀速率及其表面形态的影响。实验结果表明,IPA能降低TMAH溶液的腐蚀速率,但IPA在KOH溶液中腐蚀速率降低不明显;IPA加入到较高浓度的KOH溶液中,会在Si表面产生较大小丘,恶化了Si腐蚀表面的质量,但在TMAH溶液中加入一定量的IPA会改善腐蚀表面的质量;超声波能加快腐蚀速率并能改善Si腐蚀表面质量,但对于加入IPA的较高浓度KOH溶液,超声波未能消除Si腐蚀表面的小丘,另外,超声波还能减弱腐蚀过程中微尺寸沟槽的尺寸效应;在腐蚀条件和配比一定情况下,TMAH溶液的腐蚀质量比KOH溶液好。     

含钒钢渣中钒在KOH亚熔盐介质中溶出行为

对含钒钢渣中的钒在KOH亚熔盐介质中的溶出行为进行了研究,实验考察了反应温度、反应时间及碱渣质量比等因素对溶出过程的影响,并探讨了溶出机理. 结果表明,随反应温度、反应时间及碱渣比增加,钒的溶出率增加. KOH亚熔盐溶出含钒钢渣中钒的过程,是分解其中Ca2SiO4, Ca3SiO5, Ca2Fe2O5等固溶钒的物相,生成可溶性钒酸钾及不溶性的Ca(OH)2的过程. 并可通过控制浸出液中的KOH浓度避免钢渣中高CaO含量对钒沉淀的影响. 反应温度220~240℃、反应时间1 h、碱渣质量比为4时,钒浸出率高于90%. 与传统焙烧法相比,不仅显著降低了能耗,且提高了溶出效率.     

KOH 对镁合金微弧氧化过程及膜层耐蚀性的影响

在微弧氧化电解液中引入了KOH添加剂,并在镁合金表面制备了陶瓷膜层,研究了KOH浓度对微弧氧化过程中的膜层生长及膜层耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在镁合金微弧氧化电解液中引入KOH添加剂可以有效降低微弧氧化过程的起弧电压和工作电压,但是KOH浓度过高会使起弧电压增大;KOH的引入会使膜层中的大尺寸孔隙数目减少,孔隙率提高。为了得到较高的膜层生长速率和较好的耐蚀性,电解液中的KOH剂量以1～3 g/L为宜。     

低品位铌钽矿高浓碱性介质浸出过程动力学研究

The leaching kinetics of niobium from a low-gr~te niobium-tantalum ore by concentrated KOH solution under atmospheric pressure has been studied. Significant effects of reaction temperature, KOH concentration,stirring speed, particle size and mass ratio of alkali-to-ore on the dissolution rate of niobium were examined. The experimental data of the leaching rates and the observed effects of the relevant operating variables were well interpreted with a shrinking core model under diffusion control. By using the Arrhenius expression, the apparent activation energy for the dissolution of niobium was evaluated. Finally, on the base of the shrinking core model, the rate equation was established.