Effect of laser fluences on the structure of carbon nitride films deposited by direct current plasma assisted pulsed laser ablation

Carbon nitride films were deposited by direct current plasma assisted pulsed laser ablation of a graphite target under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The surface morphology, composition and bonding structure of the deposited films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of laser fluences in the range 0.5–3 J/cm² on the surface morphology, composition and bonding structure of the carbon nitride films were systematically studied. As laser fluence is increased, AFM results show a great decrease in the surface roughness of carbon nitride films. FTIR and XPS results indicate an increase in the N/C ratio and the content of N atoms bonded to sp³ C, as well as a decrease in the content of H atoms and the content of N atoms boned to sp² C in the deposited films, and Raman spectra indicate an increase in the content of disordered sp² C atoms and the sp² cluster size. The increase in the film density and the decrease in the particle fraction contribute to the decrease of surface roughness with increasing laser fluence.     

铝合金凝固过程的声发射及氢气析出过程

采用声发射测试技术,对Al-Si和Al-Cu系合金凝固过程进行监测,证实合金在凝固过程中存在声发射现象,表现为两个声发射信号计数率峰,两个峰的总计数都随着合金中气体含量增加而增高。本文对Al-Si,Al-Cu合金系产生声发射现象的机理进行了探讨,同时,借助其它实验手段证实了声发射信号与合金凝固中气体析出有很好的对应性。第一个计数率峰与气泡在枝晶臂间形核相吻合。第二个计数率峰与凝固末期的枝晶间拉裂现象相对应,可能是氢在枝晶间析出和聚集产生高压氢导致的拉裂。     

压力容器无损检测 --长管拖车气瓶的无损检测技术

长管拖车是新类型的压力容器,作为一种高效运输工具,在许多领域应用广泛。综述了国内外拖车气瓶在制造和使用过程采用的各种无损检测方法及标准。方法包括超声、磁粉、渗透和声发射检测等。并介绍了各种无损检测方法的特点。     

水泥基复合材料微结构破坏声发射研究

研究不同组分的水泥基复合材料在三点弯曲负荷下,材料内部微结构破坏的声发射特性。结果表明,在加载初期声发射事件发展较为缓慢,且出现的主要是一些低振幅的声发射信号;而在峰值载荷附近,声发射事件数快速增长且开始有大量高振幅声发射信号出现。循环荷载作用下,粗集料水泥砂浆声发射呈现Felicit效应,而结构密实的活性粉末混凝土呈现Kaiser效应。     

Suppression of the development of pores during laser-induced surface dispersion of TiC into aluminium, by means of a static magnetic field

A static magnetic field having the strength of B=0.6 T has been used as an additional process parameter in order to suppress the establishment of pores while dispersing TiC particles in surface layers of aluminium alloys using a laser. The migration of hydrogen towards regions of high temperatures within the melting pool can lead to the creation of gas bubbles, therefore yielding pores after resolidification in the processed layer. This mechanism (known for instance in welding technologies of aluminium) could be suppressed by Lorentz-forces induced by an externally applied magnetic field. It could be shown experimentally that magnetic fields could assist laser surface treatment processes beneficially if higher beam powers were coupled in. This may be interesting if, for instance, thicker dispersed layers should be achieved.     

Behavior of laser welded steel in chloride solution studied using difference imaging

In situ imaging techniques in conjunction with electrochemical measurements were used to study the behavior of steel surfaces in simple chloride solutions. The imaging method detected the presence of significantly thicker uniform layers than the original passive oxide. The layers were found to form in chloride after the steel was anodically polarized following reduction of the passive oxide film. The growth of the layer depended on the degree of prior passive oxide reduction. Formation of the layer was also sensitive to underlying structure and enabled rapid location of regions of higher corrosion rate across laser welds in steels.     

旋风管内气相的湍流运动特性

利用二维激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)测量了旋风管内湍流运动的时均速度、脉动速度、能谱函数、微分尺度及湍流耗散等参数，对湍流特性参数分布进行了详细的描述，并初步分析了旋风管内湍流运动特性对颗粒分离的影响.     

Axial characterization of catalytic activity in close-coupled lightoff and underfloor catalytic converters

A exhaust system consisting of a close-coupled Pd technology 32 in³ lightoff converter and Pt/Rh technology 170 in³ underfloor converter was vehicle-aged for 56000 miles on a vehicle equipped with a 3.8 l engine. Following this aging, the converters were taken off the vehicle and cut into 1″ thick sections along their axis and characterized for lightoff and warmed-up activity using a laboratory reactor to simulate vehicle exhaust. Each section was also analyzed for the quantity of oil additive poisons (phosphorus and zinc) deposited. Following this initial characterization, the phosphorus and zinc deposits were removed, and the sections were characterized again for lightoff and warmed-up activity. This procedure was used to qualitatively determine the relative contribution of oil additive poisoning and thermal sintering to the total activity deterioration as a function of axial position in the catalyst monoliths.

Analysis of the lightoff converter as taken from the vehicle showed a dramatic axial gradient in the lean and stoichiometric lightoff and warmed-up (600°C) performance for HC, CO and NO_x, with most of the deterioration having taken place in the forward-most 1″ section of the converter, which was consistent with the gradient in the deposition of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in this converter. Comparison of these data sets with those obtained after removal of the P and Zn poisons indicates that most of the total deterioration of lean HC and CO activity can be attributed to P and Zn poisoning of the forwardmost 1″ section. When tested under stoichiometric conditions, most of the deterioration of HC activity is attributable to P and Zn poisoning, while most of the deterioration of CO and NO_x activity is attributable to thermal deterioration. A similar activity and poison deposition gradient was detected in the underfloor converter, but to a smaller extent.     

In-situ studies of electron field emission of single carbon nanotubes inside the TEM

Electron field emission characteristics of individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated in situ inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM). For a single MWCNT it was found that while field-emission can hardly occur from the side of the nanotube, a curved nanotube may result in finite side emission and the best emission geometry is the top emission geometry. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements made at different vacuum conditions and voltage sweeps emphasize the importance of the adsorbates on the electron field emission of MWCNTs. For a contaminated MWCNT, although the field emission current was reduced, the stability of its emission was improved. A current of up to several tens of μA was observed for a single MWCNT, but it was found that long time emission usually results in drastic structure damage that may lead to sudden emission failure.     

三轴应力下盐岩声发射特征研究（研究生论坛稿件）

利用MTS815 Flex Test GT岩石力学试验系统和PCI–2声发射(AE)三维定位实时监测系统,开展不同围压下盐岩的三轴压缩声发射定位试验,探讨盐岩轴向加载过程中声发射特征的围压效应。研究结果表明：盐岩AE定位点多少与振铃计数率大小、能率高低具有良好的一致性。声发射高计数、高能率、定位点集聚段等随围压增加而滞后。低围压下,盐岩发生剪切破坏,高计数、高能率、AE定位点集聚段主要出现在屈服阶段和峰值应力前阶段;高围压下,盐岩呈塑性大变形特征,高计数、高能率、AE定位点集聚段主要在峰值阶段及峰后阶段出现。围压增加,累计计数和定位点的总量呈减少趋势;最大能率和累计能量随围压增加而减小,5MPa约分别为30MPa的43倍和22倍。