Minnesota,microgrids and MISO: Getting down to brass tacks on utilizing utility owned/operated microgrids (UOMs) in organized electricity markets

The need for resilient and reliable electric power sources have led to the rise of microgrids. These small power systems are able to provide continued electric power supply to those connected in times of very large scale events (VLSEs) that affect a portion of the larger electric grid. Microgrid systems have also being proposed as a route to “leap frog” the development of electric power systems in parts of the world that still lack access to electricity. In this paper microgrids in the state of Minnesota are considered. The concept of a Utility Owned/Operated Microgrid (UOM) is considered. An important Microgrid Potential Study for Minnesota is analyzed. The potential of using UOMs to provide grid reliability and resilience services in Minnesota, while at the same time providing value for electric utilities through their participation in the Midcontinent Independent System Operator’s (MISO) electricity market is considered.     

多输入单输出BP网络预测的非线性预处理研究

非线性预处理在人工神经网络多输入单输出系统日径流预测中的性能主要取决于各输入序列和输出序列的变换组合方式,具有类似变化特征的输入和输出各序列采用变换特性相近或相同的变换方式相比于采用不同的变换组合具有更好的预测效果.以广西桂江流域阳朔、恭城和平乐3个水文站1973年～2001年的日径流量为例,研究了不同组合变换下的MISO非线性预处理预测效果.结果表明,非线性预处理预测均比线性预处理相对误差<10%、<20%和<30%的合格率分别平均提高17.87%、15.85%和8.29%;相同的变换组合比不同的变换组合相对误差<10%、<20%和<30%的合格率分别平均提高3.52%、2.19%和1.24%.     

MIMO无线通信系统的信道容量研究

无线移动通信系统从单输入单输出系统到多输入多输出系统经历了不同的几代时间,其中信道容量一直是比较重要的资源。在系统的接收端,用户端的容量决定了通信系统的质量。文章从最简单的单输入单输出系统开始,分析了单输入多输出系统、多输入单输出系统及多输入多输出系统的信道容量,并进行计算机仿真。仿真结果显示多输入多输出系统在提高信道容量方面具有显著的优势,因此证明实际中采用多入多出系统的必要性。同时由于硬件成本、系统复杂性等问题的限制,不能无限制地增加天线根数。未来研究多入多出系统的天线选择及大规模多入多出系统中天线根数与功率资源的关系将是十分必要的课题。     

MISO的普适性人工噪声保密容量

当MISO(Multi Input Single Output)系统存在的加性人工噪声服从一般分布时,系统保密容量讨论难度较大。为推导一般意义多天线系统下的保密容量,引入了信道等效特征的概念。利用信道特征阐明了人工噪声方法的物理概念,并推导出了具有普适性的人工噪声方法保密容量上下限,进一步结合熵功率,推导出AWGN信道下的保密容量解析式。理论分析和仿真得出,通过人工噪声可使平均保密容量增大,从而提高MISO系统的安全性。     

Design of a new low power MISO multi-mode universal biquad OTA-C filter

ABSTRACT

In this article, a new low-power multiple-input, single-output (MISO) multi-mode universal biquad operational transconductance amplifier-capacitor (OTA-C) filter with a minimum number of active and passive components is proposed. The proposed filter employs three OTAs, one inverter and two grounded capacitors. The proposed filter can realise all filter frequency responses including low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), high-pass (HP), band-stop (BS) and all-pass (AP) in all operation modes including voltage, current, tranasresistance and transconductance modes using the same topology. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is done which shows that the proposed filter has a low sensitivity to the values of the active and passive elements. The proposed filter is simulated in HSPICE using 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The HSPICE simulation results demonstrate that the proposed filter consumes only 35 μW at 2.5 MHz from a ±0.5 V supply voltage, while all of the transistors are biased in strong inversion region. Also, the simulation results are in a close agreement with the theoretical analysis which is done in MATLAB. Furthermore, the process, voltage and temperature variation simulations are done to study the effect of non-idealities on the performance of the proposed filter. It is shown that the simulation results justify a 4.8%, 0.8% and 20% variations of the centre frequency for process, voltage and temperature, respectively. Finally, Monte-Carlo, noise and transient simulations are done to justify the good performance of the proposed filter performance.     

Development of a lightweight BMC material using fly ash

Many mechanical and electrical devices are produced by the bulk molding compound (BMC) process, as it has many advantages, such as its fast producing speed and good surface conditions. To increase the strength, many kinds of agents, such as glass or carbon fiber, are added. In this paper, a new composition of BMC is developed using fly ash as a filler agent so that products using the developed BMC are very light and inexpensive. In addition, since fly ash is obtained by collecting exhaust gas, it is quite eco-friendly. For the developed material, the mechanical properties are obtained by a simple tensile test, and the appropriate FEM analysis option parameters are selected by comparing them with the experimental results. Therefore, the parameters can be used in designing products using the developed BMC material.     

非线性系统鲁棒无模型学习自适应控制

给出了ＭＩＳＯ非线性系统的无模型学习自适应控制方案，它具有极其简单的递推形式，可以处理传统ＰＩＤ控制器不能处理的ＭＩＳＯ非线性系统、时变系统等。并且讨论了控制系统的收敛性；稳定笥及鲁棒性。仿真结果说明这种理论的优越性。     

分布式卫星多发射波形-地面运动目标检测系统研究

 针对分布式小卫星雷达系统的地面低速运动目标检测,本文给出了一种新的基于多发射正交编码信号的单接收GMTI处理系统体制,详细分析了该系统对多发射正交编码波形的性能要求,并基于此给出了相应的正交波形优化设计方法.在这种新的系统体制中,采用不同卫星分别发射优化后的正交波形,在接收卫星上将回波信号分别和各个发射信号匹配得到不同发射卫星所对应的图像,然后利用基于图象域的多通道、多像素二维联合自适应处理进行地面低速运动目标检测,这样避免了多颗卫星之间的数据传送,提高了整个系统的实时处理性能.采用的正交波形优化设计方法以接收回波信号中匹配出各发射卫星的一维像性能为优化准则,即利用一维像的主瓣形状和旁瓣性能的约束来实现.波形正交性、算法收敛性、杂波相消以及动目标检测方面的仿真结果和性能分析验证了该系统以及相应算法的可行性和有效性.     

DXCCII-based grounded inductance simulators and filter applications

In this paper two new grounded inductance simulators based on DXCCII suitable for operation in 30 kHz-30 MHz frequency range, are presented. The proposed circuits both employ only a single dual X second-generation current conveyor (DXCCII) active device accompanied with three and four passive elements, respectively. The accuracy of the simulated inductors is verified by implementing them in some filter applications. Also, a novel multi-input single-output universal filter derived from one of the new grounded inductance simulators is simulated to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed circuit. Simulation results using AMS 0.35 μm CMOS process technology parameters are included.     

Energy-efficient power allocation scheme for distributed MISO system with transmit correlation

The energy efficiency (EE) of distributed multiple-input single-output (MISO) system is investigated in spatially-correlated Rayleigh channels, where large-scale fading including the path loss and the shadow fading is considered. The target is to maximize the EE which is defined as the ratio of the transmission rate to the total power consumed by the system subject to the maximum transmit power of each remote antenna unit (RAU) constraint. The EE optimization can be formulated as a nonlinear fractional programming problem. An optimal power allocation (PA) scheme for maximizing the EE is proposed. With this scheme, an iterative algorithm using Dinkelbach method is presented. To avoid iterative calculation, a low-complexity simplified PA scheme is developed based on the good channel information for antenna selection; it can provide a computational efficient method to acquire the optimal numbers of active RAUs. Therefore, the multidimensional optimization problem is converted to a single-dimensional optimization problem. As a result, the closed-form PA is attained. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed two schemes. The results indicate that these two schemes can achieve very similar performance, and the simplified scheme has lower complexity because no iteration is required.