有机极化聚合物材料及电光调制器件

有机极化聚合物材料是一类新型的功能高分子材料，在光电子及集成光学方面具有诱人的应用前景，其电光调制器件已接近实用化，本文综述了有机极化聚合物材料，极化聚合物体系及电光调制器件的研究进展，并指出它们存在的问题和发展方向。     

Scheduling railway traffic at a construction site

We consider the problem of rescheduling trains in the case where one track of a railway section consisting of two tracks in opposing directions is closed due to construction activities. After presenting an appropriate model for this situation we derive a polynomial algorithm for the subproblem of finding an optimal schedule with minimal latenesss if the subsequences of trains for both directions outside the construction site are fixed. Based on this algorithm we propose a local search procedure for the general problem of finding good schedules and report test results for some real world instances. Received: December 8, 1999 / Accepted: May 2, 2001     

振动力场作用下聚合物挤出制品结构与性能的质量控制与优化

利用实验数据，分析与研究振动场振动参数对聚合物挤出制品质量的影响，对聚合物挤出制品的熔体流动速率，微晶结构，拉伸强度等主要性能质量指标，建立以振动频率为主要控制变量的神经网络模型，并引入信息分配模型，探讨了一个网络输入节点下神经网络学习样本的特征提取与优化。实验结果表明，经过信息预处理的学习样本，可以使网络有更好的收敛效果。     

FindOut: Finding Outliers in Very Large Datasets

Finding the rare instances or the outliers is important in many KDD (knowledge discovery and data-mining) applications, such as detecting credit card fraud or finding irregularities in gene expressions. Signal-processing techniques have been introduced to transform images for enhancement, filtering, restoration, analysis, and reconstruction. In this paper, we present a new method in which we apply signal-processing techniques to solve important problems in data mining. In particular, we introduce a novel deviation (or outlier) detection approach, termed FindOut, based on wavelet transform. The main idea in FindOut is to remove the clusters from the original data and then identify the outliers. Although previous research showed that such techniques may not be effective because of the nature of the clustering, FindOut can successfully identify outliers from large datasets. Experimental results on very large datasets are presented which show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Received 7 September 2000 / Revised 2 February 2001 / Accepted in revised form 31 May 2001 Correspondence and offprint requests to: A. Zhang, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. Email: azhang@cse.buffalo.eduau     

Shallow Linear Action Graphs and their Embeddings

Action calculi, which generalise process calculi such as Petri nets, π-calculusand ambient calculus, have been presented in terms of action graphs. We here offer linear action graphs as a primitive basis for action calculi. This paper presents the category of embeddings of undirected linear action graphs without nesting, using a novel form of graphical reasoning which simplifies some otherwise complex manipulations in regular algebra. The results are adapted in a few lines to directed graphs. This work is part of a long-term search for a uniform behavioural theory for process calculi. Received October 2000 / Accepted in revised form April 2001     

Network topology and the theory of rubber elasticity

The earliest investigations on rubber elasticity, commencing in the 19th century, were necessarily limited to phenomenological interpretations. The realisation that polymers consist of very long molecular chains. commencing c. 1930, gave impetus to the molecular theory of rubber elasticity (1932-). according to which the high deformability of an elastomer, and the elastic force generated by deformation, stem from the configurations accessible to long molecular chains. Theories of rubber elasticity put forward from 1934-1946 relied on the assumption that the junctions of the rubber network undergo displacements that are affine in macroscopic strain. The theory of James and Guth (1947) dispensed with this premise, and demonstrated instead that the mean positions of the junctions of a ‘phantom’ network consisting of Gaussian chains devoid of material properties are affine in the strain. The vital significance of the distinction between the actual distribution of chain vectors in a network and their distribution if the junctions would be fixed at their mean positions went unnoticed for nearly 30 years. Experimental investigations, commencing with the incisive work of Gee in 1946. revealed large departures from the relationship of stress to strain predicted by the theories cited. This discrepancy prompted extensive studies, theoretical and experimental, during succeeding years. Inquiry into the fundamentals of polymer networks, formed for example by interlinking very long polymer molecules, exposed the need to take account of network imperfections, typically consisting of chains attached at only one end to a network junction. Various means were advocated to make corrections for these imperfections. The cycle rank ζ of the network has been shown (1976) to be the fundamental measure of its connectivity, regardless of the junction functionality and pattern of imperfections. Often overlooked is the copious interpenetration of the chains comprising typical elastomeric networks. Theories that attempt to represent such networks on a lattice are incompatible with this universal feature. Moreover, the dense interpenetration of chains may limit the ability of junctions in real networks to accommodate the fluctuations envisaged in the theory of phantom networks. It was suggested in 1975 that departures from the form predicted for the elastic equation of state are due to constraints on the fluctuations of junctions whose effect diminishes with deformation and with dilation. Formulation of a self-consistent theory based on this suggestion required recognition of the non-affine connection between the chain vector distribution function and the macroscopic strain in a real network, which may partake of characteristics of a phantom network in some degree. Implementation of the idea was achieved through postulation of domains of constraint affecting the equilibrium distribution of fluctuations of network junctions from their mean positions. This led in due course to a theory that accounts for the relationship of stress to strain virtually throughout the ranges of strain accessible to measurement. The theory establishes connections between structure and elastic properties. This is achieved with utmost frugality in arbitrary parameters.     

Influence of the intrinsic layer characteristics on a-Si:H p–i–n solar cell performance analysed by means of a computer simulation

In this paper a set of one-dimensional simulations of a-Si:H p–i–n junctions under different illumination conditions and with different intrinsic layer are presented. The simulation program ASCA permits the analysis of the internal electrical behaviour of the cell allowing a comparison among the different internal configurations determined by a change in the input set. Results about the internal electric configuration will be presented and discussed outlining their influence on the current tension characteristic curve. Considerations about the drift–diffusion and the generation–recombination balance distributions, outlined by the simulation, can be used to explain the correlation between the basic device output, the i-layer characteristics (thickness and DOS), the incident radiation intensity and photon energy.     

光漂白法制备有机聚合物非线性定向耦合器

研究了用光漂白的方法制备PMMA/DR1聚合物非线性定向耦合器,提出了一种容易的制备方法来得到要求的耦合长度.测量了材料的光学非线性对定向耦合器两臂透过率的影响.实验结果表明由于光学非线性,耦合器的耦合长度随着入射光强度的改变而发生变化.     

微晶合金在电流互感器中的应用

从微晶合金的性能特点出发，分析了其在电流互感器中的应用前景。     

Preparation of Laminin-apatite-polymer Composites Using Metastable Calcium Phosphate Solutions

A synthetic polymer with a laminin-apatite composite layer on its surface would be useful as a percutaneous device. The preparation of such a composite was attempted in the present study using poly（ ethylene terephthalate ） （PET） and polyethylene （PE） as the synthetic polymer. PET and PE plates and those pretreated with an oxygen plasma were alternately dipped in calcium and phosphate ion solutions, and then immersed in a metastable calcium phosphate solution supplemented with laminin （ LCP solution ）. The PET and PE plates pretreated with an oxygen plasma formed a uniform and continuous layer of a laminin-apatite composite on their surfaces. In contrast, the PET and PE plates that had not been pretreated with an oxygen plasma did not form a continuous layer of a laminin-apatite composite on their surfaces. The hydrophilic functional groups on the PET and PE surfaces introduced by the plasma treatment were responsible for the successful laminin-apatite coruposite coating.