In situ hot elastic modulus evolution of MgO–C refractories containing Al,Si or Al–Mg antioxidants

Metals and alloys (such as Al, Si, Al–Mg and Al–Si) are commonly added to MgO–C refractory bricks as antioxidants due to their effectiveness to prevent carbon oxidation (in the 600–1400 °C range) and their low cost. These additives act at different temperatures and react with refractory components and gases in the environment, inducing significant changes in the resultant microstructure and affecting the overall thermo-mechanical performance of these products. This work addresses the evaluation of physical properties, cold and hot mechanical resistance, as well as in situ hot elastic modulus (E) measurements in the temperature range of 30–1400 °C for MgO–C bricks containing antioxidants (Al, Si or Al–Mg alloy) in a reducing atmosphere. Cured and fired samples of the designed formulations were evaluated throughout 1 or 2 heating-cooling cycles. Despite the improved mechanical behavior (higher cold crushing strength and hot modulus of rupture) of the antioxidant-containing formulations, compared to the additive-free MgO–C sample, the interaction of the selected additives with the refractory components and CO_(g) led to a generation of phases (i.e., Al₄C₃, Al₂O₃, SiC, SiO₂, MgAl₂O₄) that could not be well accommodated in the microstructure. Consequently, the in situ E drop was observed during cooling (mainly below 600 °C) of the antioxidant-containing sample due to crack and flaw formations. Si and Al–Mg were the most promising antioxidants, whereas the Al-containing composition showed the highest E damage level after two heating/cooling cycles up to 1400 °C for cured samples. Based on the elastic modulus profiles with the temperature, the results also indicated the best working conditions for these ceramic materials.     

Optical,scintillation and dosimeter properties of MgO transparent ceramic and single crystal

We have synthesized a MgO transparent ceramic by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and studied the dosimeter properties for X-ray detections, in comparison with the single crystal form. Further, we have characterized the optical and scintillation properties. Despite the same material compositions, the photoluminescence (PL) of the ceramic sample showed dominantly around 450 nm whereas the single crystal sample had a dominant emission in the NIR range. The PL lifetime of 450 nm were measured to be ~10 and ~50 ns which were typical for emissions by F⁺ center in MgO. The scintillation spectra were similar to those observed in PL, but the lifetime was much longer on the micro-second scale. The TSL glow curves of MgO ceramic showed a main peak around 140 °C. The TSL spectrum at 140 °C had a broad emission band in the 300–400 range and around 600 and 750 nm, which approximately coincide with the scintillation spectra. The TSL response was confirmed to be linear to the irradiation dose for both samples over the dose range from 0.1 to 1000 mGy.     

MgO包覆LiCoO2的结构及性能

通过湿化学方法首先制得锂离子电池正极材料LiCoO2，以MgSO4和氨水为原料对LiCoO2进行表面包覆得到MgO包覆LiCoO2样品。扫描电镜(SEM)及光电子能谱对包覆样品的分析结果表明：MgO均匀地包覆在LiCoO2的表面；X射线衍射(XRD)图谱及晶胞参数表明：包覆MgO不改变LiCoO2的结构；电性能测试结果表明：MgO-LiCoO2比LiCoO2具有更高的可逆容量，其中当包覆量为0．5％～1．0％时，效果最好。     

Mg与MgO对Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料的影响

用液态复合方法制造Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料,研究Mg与MgO对改善增强颗粒与基体润湿性的作用。结果表明,在830℃下,镁对增强体颗粒Al2O3/基体润湿性的改善随着基体中镁含量的提高而提高,表现为复合材料中能加入的Al2O3颗粒增加。MgO具有改善增强体颗粒Al2O3/基体润湿性的作用。αAl2O3颗粒与MgO颗粒之间是界面相MgAl2O4,MgAl2O4呈条块状分布在界面处,厚度约为100nm。     

Effects of Y2O3/MgO ratio on mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of silicon nitride ceramics

In this work, the effects of Y₂O₃/MgO ratio on the densification behavior, phase transformation, microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of Si₃N₄ ceramics were investigated. Densified samples with bimodal microstructure could be obtained by adjusting the ratio of Y₂O₃/MgO. It was found that a low Y₂O₃/MgO ratio facilitated the densification of Si₃N₄ ceramics while a high Y₂O₃/MgO ratio benefited the phase transformation of Si₃N₄ ceramics. Best mechanical properties (flexural strength of 875 MPa, and fracture toughness of 8.25 MPa·m^1/2, respectively) and optimal thermal conductivity of 98.04W/(m·K) were achieved in the sample fabricated with Y₂O₃/MgO ratio of 3:4 by sintering at 1900°C for 4 h.     

Phase equilibria studies in the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO system with CaO/SiO2 ratio of 0.9

Phase equilibria and liquidus temperatures in the CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO system at a CaO/SiO₂ weight ratio of 0.9 in the liquid phase have been experimentally determined employing high-temperature equilibration and quenching technique followed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Isotherms at 1573, 1623, 1673, and 1773 K were determined and the primary phase fields of wollastonite, melilite, olivine, periclase, spinel, and corundum have been located. Compositions of the olivine and melilite solid solutions were analyzed and discussed. Comparisons between the newly constructed diagram, existing data, and FactSage predicted phase diagrams were performed and differences were discussed. The present study will be useful for guidance of industrial practices and further development of thermodynamic modeling.     

BRISOL钠同位素放射性核束的产生

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器（BRISOL）采用100 MeV、200 μA回旋加速器提供的质子束打靶产生中、短寿命放射性核束,在线分析后供物理用户使用,其质量分辨率好于20 000。为开展²⁰Na核的奇异衰变特性研究,研制了氧化镁靶,并采用100 MeV质子束轰击氧化镁靶在线产生了^20～26Na⁺的钠同位素放射性核束。当质子束流强为8 μA时,²⁰Na⁺离子束的最大产额为2×10⁵ s^-1,²¹Na⁺离子束的最大产额为4×10⁸ s^-1。完成了北京放射性核束装置首个放射性核束物理实验,累计供束近200 h。     

原料结构对高MgO烧结矿生产的影响

原料结构的优劣对烧结生产技术质量指标具有决定性的影响,尤其是在低硅烧结条件下生产高MgO烧结矿.本文介绍了以白云石、高镁粉作MgO熔剂添加剂生产高MgO烧结矿时,原料结构对烧结生产影响的试验研究情况.研究结果表明,只要原料结构选择适宜,无论使用何种MgO熔剂添加剂,均可在低硅条件下生产出具有高强度的高MgO烧结矿.     

不同MgO含量对烧结矿质量的影响

依据石钢原料条件,研究了MgO含量对烧结矿常温强度及冶金性能的影响.结果表明,MgO含量对烧结矿有着双重的影响,其中在2.3%为最佳.随着MgO的增加,烧结矿的冶金性能、低温还原粉化指标改善.当MgO含量达到2.3%时,烧结矿强度,性能指标达到最佳.随后,随MgO含量增加烧结矿强度及冶金性能明显降低.     

Comparison of different methods to prepare MgO whiskers

Magnesia whiskers have been made by hydrolysis of MgCl₂–KCl melt and conversion of magnesium hydroxide whiskers. The morphology of MgO whiskers was examined by SEM and TEM. Composition of products was identified by XRD. Comparisons have been made on the morphology and quality of the products by different methods. Discussions have been made on the efficiency, product quality control and scale-up feasibility of these methods. Whiskers prepared by hydrolysis have uniform diameter but other shapes of magnesia are often found. Conversion of Mg(OH)₂ whiskers to MgO whiskers is simple and easy to scale-up, but the product often has many defects caused by decomposition. Nevertheless, the single crystal structure can be reserved as revealed by electron diffraction. XRD results show that the purity of products by hydrolysis is better than that by conversion. The conversion method is more hopeful for industrial production.