水平矩形管内气液两相流界面波特性

<正>气液两相流中界面波的存在对传热、传质、阻力特性及稳定性都有很大影响。前人有关界面波的研究大多偏重于两相流中界面波的类型及其转变,而对其特征参数变化规律(如振幅、波长、频率和速度等)的研究则很少。但界面波对气液两相流流动阻力和流动结构影响机理的深入研究必须以了解界面波的各特性参数为前提,同时界面波有关特性参数的深入研究也可为气液两相流的数学理论化提供实验基础。 本文以气、水为工质,系统研究了水平矩形管内气液两相流的界面波特性。根据界面波在时域、幅域内的不同特征区别出了各种类型的波并给出了相应的波形和流型图。着重研究了界面波各特征量随气液两相流量变化的变化规律。     

车载毫米波雷达Bootloader的设计与实现

毫米波雷达用于盲区监测系统时,一种连接方法是仅一个雷达挂接在车身网络上,而另一个雷达无法直接与车身网络通信,因此也无法通过OBD直接升级软件。该文提出一套基于UDS的软件升级方案,在传统下位机Bootloader中增加主从通讯功能,使得两个雷达能同时完成软件升级。经实际应用,设计的Bootloader在盲区监测系统和前碰撞预警系统中都能可靠地升级应用软件。     

内孤立波环境下柱体的受力特性

针对以往孤立波对柱体作用研究多只针对柱体的整体受力开展,少有研究精细获取柱体不同部位受力特性的问题,借助三维大涡模拟(LES)数值波浪水槽,通过提取柱周流场及压强分布,得到柱体所受压差阻力及黏滞力的垂向分布,对柱体在孤立波环境中的受力特性进行了分析,并采用多元线性回归分析,构造综合影响参数分析了柱体受力特性,构建了柱体受力系数经验表达式。结果表明:上下层水体中方柱所受压差阻力约分别为圆柱的1.5倍和3.5倍;作用于柱体上的黏滞力比压差阻力小1或2个数量级,可忽略流体的黏性效应;综合影响参数与相对波幅正相关,与上下水深比负相关。     

超声导波电磁声换能器的研究进展

超声导波具有检测范围大、检测效率高等优点,广泛应用于板、管等典型波导结构的缺陷检测.作为超声导波换能器类型之一,电磁声换能器(electromagnetic acoustic transducer,EMAT)得到广泛关注和快速发展.综述了近20年来超声导波电磁声换能器的研究进展.主要包括:针对板和管结构超声导波检测的单模态EMAT结构设计;用于提高激励导波的能量和模态单一性的EMAT线圈与磁体结构参数的优化,针对非金属材料检测的新型贴片式EMAT的结构设计;阵列技术在EMAT性能优化上的应用和在缺陷定位和成像上的应用.     

基于裂缝柔度和地应力模型的声电测井正、反演方法及应用

电阻率成像探测深度通常为几厘米,超声波成像数据也只能提供井壁的声幅或到时图像。因此,很难评估井壁张开裂缝在地层中的分布情况。声波测井一般应用弹性各向异性表征地应力场和裂缝特性等,通常岩石的固有各向异性、高角度地层层面、裂缝或不平衡应力挤压等都可以导致弹性波表观各向异性,因此往往难以判断各向异性的成因。前人针对单一方位二维裂缝模型进行了声波正演模拟,但不适用于井筒含多组任意方位裂缝介质的弹性波模拟。为此,首先拾取井壁成像测井中导致声波表观各向异性的三类结构特征(天然裂缝、层面缝(或薄层)和钻井应力诱导缝)信息,同时定量化层理结构信息(如倾向、方位等),并将裂缝分层、分组;然后从声波全波列中提取地层的快、慢横波慢度及各向异性方位;接着在岩石和裂缝信息井壁成像建模基础上,通过裂缝附加柔度模型、层面伪裂缝模型和非线性应力场弹性波动理论正演模拟岩石的声波属性;最后通过对比声波速度及各向异性方位等信息的模型预测结果与实测结果,利用最小误差拟合反演确定井壁图像表征的裂缝类型与各向异性的成因,并对比、分析了频散曲线特征。将所提方法应用于花岗岩潜山裂缝型气田生产测试井以验证方法合理性,实际模拟结果表明：...     

Experimental measurements of the phase and group velocities of body waves in a transversely isotropic medium

In this study, we perform an experimental result for measurements of the body wave phase and group velocities in transversely isotropic media (TIM) by through-transmission technique. After comparing the experimental and theoretical first arrival times of the waves, a difference between the phase velocity and group velocity is observed. When the ratio between propagation distance (d) of the wave and the diameter (D) of transducer is 2.4 for measuring phase velocity and the point probes configuration for measuring group velocity, the accuracy in velocity estimation can reach the limit of system's resolution. However if d/D is 7.8, the wave will propagate with an intermediate velocity between the phase and group velocities. The rapid change of the wave velocity and waveform for qSV-wave propagation with the group velocity has been observed at the propagation direction near the cusps. Therefore, in order to reduce the error in group velocity estimation of qSV-waves, the optimum directions are suggested at 20 and 60°.     

Weep hole inspection by circumferential creeping waves

This paper reports the development of a novel ultrasonic inspection technique that detects radial fatigue cracks on the far side of thin airframe stiffener ‘weep’ holes. These cracks are located on the upper part of the weep hole (12 o'clock position), away from the lower skin of the wing. Cracks in this position are not readily detectable by conventional ultrasonic inspection techniques, particularly for short cracks. A special technique using circumferential creeping waves was adapted to inspect for these cracks. The conventional creeping wave technique experiences a strong specular reflection from the near surface of the hole that masks the creeping wave signal that arrives later in time. In order to overcome this difficulty, a split-aperture (two-element) transducer was used that resulted in the specular and creeping wave echoes being approximately equal in magnitude. The two separate transducers allowed us to alternate between pulse-echo and pitch-catch modes of operation with a resulting improvement in detection sensitivity. In the case of 0.25-inch-diameter weep holes, optimum sensitivity was calculated to be around 5 MHz. The detection threshold was found to be approximately 0.003 inches and the signal saturated at crack lengths in excess of 0.020 inches. The original paint and surface finish had no substantial adverse effects on the technique's sensitivity. Similarly, changing the weep hole diameter or chamfer conditions did not significantly affect the technique's performance. These results were obtained using specimens with both machined notches and real fatigue cracks.     

Millimeter‐wave planar high gain SIW antenna using half elliptic radiation slots

This article reports a high gain millimeter‐wave substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna using low cost printed circuit board technology. The half elliptic slots which can provide small shunt admittance, low cross polarization level and low mutual coupling are etched on the board surface of SIW as radiation slots for large array application. Design procedure for analyzing the characteristics of proposed radiation slot, the beam‐forming structure and the array antenna are presented. As examples, an 8 × 8 and a 32 × 32 SIW slot array antennas are designed and verified by experiments. Good agreements between simulation and measured results are achieved, which shows the 8 × 8 SIW slot array antenna has a gain of 20.8 dBi at 42.5 GHz, the maximum sidelobe level of 42.5 GHz E‐plane and H‐plane radiation patterns are 22.3 dB and 22.1 dB, respectively. The 32 × 32 SIW slot array antenna has a maximum measured gain of 30.05 dBi at 42.5 GHz. At 42.3 GHz, the measured antenna has a gain of 29.6 dBi and a maximum sidelobe level of 19.89 dB and 15.0 dB for the E‐plane and H‐plane radiation patterns. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:709–718, 2015.     

Wigner-Ville变换在抗箔条干扰方法中的研究

在雷达跟踪空中目标时,受箔条干扰信号的影响,会造成雷达探测的数据不完整、不精确、不可靠.针对这一情况,本文应用Wigner-Ville变换理论,给出了一种对雷达回波信号进行滤波的算法.通过仿真实验证明,应用Wigner-Ville变换能较好地抑制箔条干扰信号,可进一步提高雷达系统的跟踪精度和可靠性.     

Picosecond thermal pulses in thin gold films

In this paper it has been shown that, with the advent of lasers with a very short pulse duration, the effect of thermal wave propagation becomes important. To consider this effect, hyperbolic heat conduction in thin gold films was studied. It was shown that for heat fluxes of the order 10⁸ W·cm^–2, a thermal wave is generated in thin gold films. The consideration of the hyperbolicity of heat transfer enables one to describe the temperature profile with one value of fluence.