Self-similarity of parallel machines

Self-similarity is a property of physical systems that describes how to scale parameters such that dissimilar systems appear to be similar. Computer systems are self-similar if certain ratios of computational forces, also known as computational intensities, are equal. Two machines with different computational power, different network bandwidth and different inter-processor latency behave the same way if they have the same ratios of forces. For the parallel conjugate gradient algorithm studied in this paper, two machines are self-similar if and only if the ratio of one force describing latency effects to another force describing bandwidth effects is the same for both machines. For the two machines studied in this paper, this ratio, which we call the mixing coefficient, is invariant as problem size and processor count change. The two machines have the same mixing coefficient and belong to the same equivalence class.     

Mixing and flow regulating by induced-charge electrokinetic flow in a microchannel with a pair of conducting triangle hurdles

The induced-charge electrokinetic flow (ICEKF) in a rectangular micorchannel with a pair of conducting triangle hurdles embedded in the middle is investigated in this paper. A correction method is suggested to numerically estimate the induced zeta potential on the conducting surface. Two-dimensional pressure-linked Navier-–Stokes equation is used to model the flow field in the channel. The numerical results show flow circulations generated from the induced non-uniform zeta potential distribution along the conducting hurdle surfaces. It is demonstrated numerically that the local flow circulations provide effective means to enhance the flow mixing between different solutions; by adjusting the electric field applied through the microchannel with a non-symmetric triangle hurdle pair, an electrokinetic flow regulating effect can be obtained and this effect depends on the dimensions of the conducting converging–diverging section. The mixing and flow regulating using ICEKF described in this paper can be used in various microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) applications.     

130 t钢包底吹氩喷嘴布置模式优化的水模型试验

通过建立的130t钢包水力学模型，用电导法测定了单喷嘴、双喷嘴垂直分布和对称分布时不同供气量下钢水混匀时间。结果表明，双喷嘴喷吹的混匀时间较单喷嘴的混匀时间短，搅拌效果优于单喷嘴。单喷嘴底吹氩，喷嘴距钢包底部中心0．55R（钢包底半径）时混匀时间最短；双喷嘴间距由0．40R增至0．70R时混匀时间明显减少。     

水泥土搅拌桩桩身均匀性定量判定与评价方法

介绍一种用定量指标判定与评价水泥土搅拌桩桩身均匀性的方法。     

Improving the dynamic performance of continuous-flow mixing of pseudoplastic fluids possessing yield stress using Maxblend impeller

The strategic approach of this article is to characterize the continuous-flow mixing of pseudoplastic fluids possessing yield stress in a stirred reactor with the Maxblend impeller. Dynamic experiments were carried out through the frequency-modulated random binary input of a brine solution to determine the extent of non-ideal flows. Mixing quality was determined on the basis of the extent of channeling and fully mixed volume. The effects of important parameters such as impeller speed (25–500 rpm), absence of baffles, fluid rheology (0.5–1.5%), fluid flow rate (3.20–14.17 L min⁻¹), and the locations of inlet/outlet on the dynamic performance of the continuous-flow mixing vessel were explored. The performance of the Maxblend impeller was then compared to the performances of various types of impellers such as close-clearance (an anchor), axial-flow (a Lightnin A320), and radial-flow (a Scaba 6SRGT) impellers. It was found when the channeling approached zero and the fully mixed volume approached the total fluid volume in the vessel, the power drawn by the A320 impeller and the Scaba impeller were about 2.9 and 4.3 times greater than that of the Maxblend impeller. Thus, the Maxblend impeller was able to drastically improve the performance of continuous-flow mixing with huge power savings. The mixing quality was further improved by optimizing the impeller speed, decreasing the fluid flow rate, decreasing the fluid concentration, and using bottom inlet- top outlet configuration. The flow non-ideality of the mixing system increased in the absence of the baffles. Thus, better mixing quality and more energy savings can be achieved by employing the findings of this study.     

LM以及CIA效应对TanSat 3个波段吸收光谱的影响

分析了Line Mixing(LM)以及Collision\|Induced Absorption(CIA)效应对中国全球二氧化碳监测科学实验卫星(TanSat)反演CO2所用的CO2的1.61、2.06 μm以及O2 0.76 μm 3个波段气体吸收的影响。LM效应对CO2的1.61、2.06 μm气体吸收截面的影响约2%,LM以及CIA效应对O2 0.76 μm波段的影响,在翼部达到75%,在中心区域约2%。LM效应使谱线线型变窄,使谱线中心吸收波数处吸收截面增大,翼部区域吸收截面减小。考虑LM以及CIA效应后,减小采用传统Voigt线型计算截面存在的结构性误差。分析了气体吸收截面以及LM效应随温度、气压的变化情况,LM效应在压强较大以及温度较低时对吸收截面影响较大。最后,在3个波段选择合理的气压、温度以及波数间隔,建立三维吸收截面查找表,在满足计算精度的同时节约时间,满足卫星大量观测反演的需要。     

浅论铝用预焙阳极高温混捏成型新技术

本文系统阐述了铝用预焙阳极高温混涅成型新技术的产生背景、工艺技术路线研究及应用探讨,并结合相关数据论述了该新技术的成功运用。     

Measurements of fuel mixture fraction oscillations of a turbulent jet non-premixed flame

This work describes new type of combustion instability for which the 3-way coupling between mixing, flame heat release, and acoustics is modified by local buoyancy effects. Measurements of fuel mixture fraction are made for a non-premixed jet flame in a combustion chamber to assess the dynamics of mixing under imposed acoustic oscillations (22-55 Hz). Infrared laser absorption and phase resolved acetone-planar laser induced fluorescence are used to measure the fuel mixture fraction and then the degree of fuel/air mixing is calculated by determining the unmixedness. Results show acoustic excitation causes oscillations in the degree of fuel/air mixing at the driving frequency, which results in oscillatory flame behavior. This oscillatory flame behavior couples to the buoyancy and this in turn affects the mixing. Results also show that the mixing becomes less effective when the excitation frequency is increased or when the flame is present, compared to the non-reacting case. This work describes a key coupling mechanism that occurs when buoyancy is a significant factor in the flow field.     

Microstructure,thermodynamics and compressive properties of AlCrCuNixTi (x = 0, 1) high entropy alloys

Two equiatomic high entropy alloys, AlCrCuNi_xTi (x?=?0, 1), were prepared by an arc furnace. Their microstructure, thermodynamics and compressive properties were investigated in as-cast state. The AlCrCuTi alloy consists of a face centred cubic (fcc) phase, two body centred cubic (bcc) phases and an Al₄Cu₉-like phase, while the AlCrCuNiTi alloy contains an fcc phase and two bcc phases. Thermodynamic expressions based on mixing enthalpy matrix facilitate the thermodynamic calculation. The element Cr takes severe segregation during solidification and forms Cr rich phases in both alloys. The addition of Ni to the AlCrCuNiTi alloy inhibits the formation of intermetallic compounds and enhances the yield strength, compressive strength and ultimate strain, but degrades Vickers hardness.     

Passive acoustic emissions from particulates in a V-blender

Context: Regulatory agencies are recommending the development of process analytical technologies (PAT) to improve the efficiency and product quality during pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Objective: The objective of the research was to investigate the potential application of passive acoustic emission monitoring of a V-blender.

Materials and methods: Trials were conducted with sugar spheres, lactose or MCC in a V-blender. Vibrations from acoustic emissions were measured using PCB Piezotronics accelerometers with ICP signal conditioners.

Results and discussion: A wavelet filter was applied to the measured acoustic emissions to remove vibrations from the tumbling motion of the V-shell, allowing a focus on information about particle motion and interactions within the V-shell. The ideal sensor location was determined to be the lid of one of the V-shell arms due to the impact of the tumbling particles on the lid and transmission of the vibrations from other particle motion within the V-shell. The amplitude of vibrations increased with particle size due to larger particle momentum before a collision. The fill level and the V-shell scale also influenced the measured vibrations as particle motion was affected which in turn affected momentum. Changes in particle flowability could be detected through variations in the measured acoustic emissions.

Conclusion: The measured vibrations from passive acoustic emissions reflected particle motion and interactions within a V-blender demonstrating potential as a monitoring method.