新型空间结构形式——张弦梁结构

张弦梁结构是由弦、撑杆和抗弯受压构件组成的新型结构,是通过在弦中施加预应力来改善抗弯受压构件的受力性能的自来衡体系,具有受力合理、制造施工简单和运输方便等优点,具有良好的应用价值和广阔的应用前景。     

碳纤维加固梁设计的补充建议

根据我国对碳纤维布加固梁的试验研究成果 ,对碳纤维加固梁的破坏机理及设计要求进行了分析 ,并结合碳纤维产品的特性及外界环境、荷载形式可能对其产生的影响 ,对碳纤维布加固梁设计提出了一些补充建议 ,可供设计及工程人员参考。     

Unified analytical approach for determining shear capacity of RC beams strengthened with FRP

This paper presents a rational model to predict the ultimate load capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by a combination of longitudinal and transverse fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite plates/sheets (flexure and shear strengthening system). The model is based on the truss analogy and the theory of plasticity and is opportunely refined in order to incorporate some critical aspects, such as variable angle crack, non-uniform FRP stress distribution over the shear crack, shear span/depth ratio. It is a general and unified model that allows consideration of all the main possible failure mechanisms of strengthened RC beams, related to flexural-shear interaction, shear web-crushing and pure flexural mechanisms. The model is validated against a large number of beam tests reported in the literature, involving a wide range of geometrical and mechanical characteristics. The numerical investigation shows a very satisfactory correlation between predicted and experimental data.     

A new model to simulate joint shear behavior of poorly detailed beam-column connections in RC structures under seismic loads, Part I: Exterior joints

A new model that can simulate the shear behavior of reinforced concrete connections in structures subjected to seismic loads is proposed. The model uses limiting principal tensile stress in the joint as the failure criteria so that due consideration is given to the axial load on the column. The spring characteristics are based on the actual deformations taking place in the sub-assemblage due to joint shear distortion. The model can be easily implemented in any commercial nonlinear analysis package and does not need any special element or subroutine. The model is more rational than the rotational spring models and at the same time being easier to implement in analysis than the multiple spring models. The formulations to obtain the spring characteristics are given in the paper. Currently the model is used to perform nonlinear static analysis for the joints, however, the same can be utilized for the nonlinear dynamic analysis too with an associated hysteretic rule. Highly promising results are obtained using the proposed model for the cases against which the model is validated. This paper focuses on the modeling of exterior joints. An extension to interior joints will be presented later.     

应用分子力学法研究铜离子活化闪锌矿作用机理

用分子力学方法对Cu2＋与闪锌矿作用以及Cu2＋作用后闪锌矿表面与丁基黄药相互作用进行模拟和计算,结果表明：Cu2＋对闪锌矿起到很好的活化作用,Cu2＋在闪锌矿表面的活化机理是发生键合作用;Cu2＋活化后,丁基黄药同时吸附在闪锌矿表面Cu和Zn原子上。浮选试验和XPS测试结果验证了分子模拟所推出的结论,分子力学模拟方法可以较好解释矿物浮选作用机理。     

Membrane bioreactor for the drinking water treatment of polluted surface water supplies

A laboratory membrane bioreactor (MBR) using a submerged polyethylene hollow-fibre membrane module with a pore size of 0.4 microm and a total surface area of 0.2 m2 was used for treating a raw water supply slightly polluted by domestic sewage. The feeding influent had a total organic carbon (TOC) level of 3-5 mg/L and an ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) concentration of 3-4 mg/L. The MBR ran continuously for more than 500 days, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) as short as 1h or less. Sufficient organic degradation and complete nitrification were achieved in the MBR effluent, which normally had a TOC of less than 2 mg/L and a NH(3)-N of lower than 0.2 mg/L. The process was also highly effective for eliminating conventional water impurities, as demonstrated by decreases in turbidity from 4.50+/-1.11 to 0.08+/-0.03 NTU, in total coliforms from 10(5)/mL to less than 5/mL and in UV(254) absorbance from 0.098+/-0.019 to 0.036+/-0.007 cm(-1). With the MBR treatment, the 3-day trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was significantly reduced from 239.5+/-43.8 to 60.4+/-23.1 microg/L. The initial chlorine demand for disinfection decreased from 22.3+/-5.1 to 0.5+/-0. 1mg/L. The biostability of the effluent improved considerably as the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) decreased from 134.5+/-52.7 to 25.3+/-19.9 microg/L. All of these water quality parameters show the superior quality of the MBR-treated water, which was comparable to or even better than the local tap water. Molecular size distribution analysis and the hydrophobic characterisation of the MBR effluent, in comparison to the filtered liquor from the bioreactor, suggest that the MBR had an enhanced filtration mechanism. A sludge layer on the membrane surface could have functioned as an additional barrier to the passage of typical THM precursors, such as large organic molecules and hydrophobic compounds. These results indicate that the MBR with a short HRT could be developed as an effective biological water treatment process to address the urgent need of many developing countries that are plagued by the serious contamination of surface water resources.     

Pore blockage effect of NOM on atrazine adsorption kinetics of PAC: the roles of PAC pore size distribution and NOM molecular weight

Natural organic matter (NOM) in natural water has been found to have negative effects on the adsorption of various trace organic compounds by activated carbon through two major mechanisms: direct competition for sites and pore blockage. In this study, the pore blockage effect of NOM on atrazine adsorption kinetics was investigated. Two types of powdered activated carbon (PAC) and three natural waters were tested to determine the roles of PAC pore size distribution and NOM molecular weight distribution in the pore blockage mechanism. When PAC was preloaded with natural water, the pore blockage effect of the NOM was found to cause a reduction of up to more than two orders of magnitude in the surface diffusion rate of atrazine compared to simultaneous adsorption of atrazine and NOM with fresh PAC. The surface diffusion coefficient of atrazine for preloaded PAC decreased with a decrease in PAC dose or an increase in NOM surface concentration. Because of the pore blockage effect of NOM, a 30% drop in atrazine removal was observed in a continuous flow PAC/microfiltration (MF) system after 7 days of contact compared to the removal predicted from the batch isotherm test. Large micropores and mesopores were found to play an important role in alleviating the effect of pore blockage. A PAC with a relatively large fraction of large micropore and mesopores was shown to suffer much less from the pore blockage effect compared with a PAC that had a much smaller fraction of large pores. Natural waters with different NOM molecular weight distribution caused different extent of pore blockage. The NOM molecules with molecular weight between 200 and 700 Dalton appeared to be responsible for the pore blockage effect.     

浸矿微生物分子生物学鉴定方法

介绍了微生物浸矿中,浸矿微生物的鉴定非常关键,它是对浸矿微生物进行驯化、诱变、基因重组等后续操作的基本前题以及目前分子生物学方法在浸矿微生物鉴定中的应用情况。认为DNA探针分析方法具有快速、灵敏、特异性高等特点,适合混合菌群中已知菌株的快速检出,可应用于未经培养的自然菌群中菌株的鉴定;16SrRNA序列分析方法结果比较准确。     

基于非均布载荷下梁结构破断理论的地表破坏规律

为研究晋南典型山区厚黄土层薄基岩地质条件下煤矿开采对地表的破坏规律,本研究以山西省河寨煤矿为例,在实地调查的基础上,采用UDEC软件进行数值模拟,得出岩层断裂及地表移动的关系。模拟得到上覆岩层断裂的位置,地表破坏最严重。根据模拟结果,建立了基于非均布载荷的梁结构覆岩破断模型,推导出覆岩初次断裂和周期断裂的步距公式。将计算结果与实测地表裂缝位置进行对比,取得较好的一致性。研究表明：在山区厚黄土层薄基岩地质条件下进行煤矿开采时,采用非均布载荷梁结构断裂模型预测地表裂缝间距是可行的。     

Molecular Dynamics Study on Interfacial Energy and Atomic Structure of Ag/Ni and Cu/Ni Heterophase System

The results of molecular dynamics calculations on the interfacial energies and atomic structures of Ag/Ni and Cu/Ni interfaces are presented. Calculation on Ag/Ni interfaces with low-index planes shows that those containing the (111) plane have the lowest energies, which is in agreement with the experiments. Comparing surface energy with interfacial energy, it is found the order of the interfacial energies of Ag/Ni and Cu/Ni containing the planes fall in the same order as solid-vapor surface energies of Ag, Cu and Ni. In this MD simulation, the relaxed atomic structure and dislocation network of (110)Ag||(110)Ni interface are coincident to HREM observations.