Simultaneous CO2 and H2O Activation via Integrated Cu Single Atom and N Vacancy Dual-Site for Enhanced CO Photo-Production

Photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ into fuels using pure water as the proton source is of immense potential in simultaneously addressing the climate-change crisis and realizing a carbon-neutral economy. Single-atom photocatalysts with tunable local atomic configurations and unique electronic properties have exhibited outstanding catalytic performance in the past decade. However, given their single-site features they are usually only amenable to activations involving single molecules. For CO₂ photoreduction entailing complex activation and dissociation process, designing multiple active sites on a photocatalyst for both CO₂ reduction and H₂O dissociation simultaneously is still a daunting challenge. Herein, it is precisely construct Cu single-atom centers and two-coordinated N vacancies as dual active sites on CN (Cu₁/N_2CV-CN). Experimental and theoretical results show that Cu single-atom centers promote CO₂ chemisorption and activation via accumulating photogenerated electrons, and the N_2CV sites enhance the dissociation of H₂O, thereby facilitating the conversion from COO* to COOH*. Benefiting from the dual-functional sites, the Cu₁/N_2CV-CN exhibits a high selectivity (98.50%) and decent CO production rate of 11.12 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. An ingenious atomic-level design provides a platform for precisely integrating the modified catalyst with the deterministic identification of the electronic property during CO₂ photoreduction process.     

The profile of temperature and voltage dependent series resistance and the interface states in (Ni/Au)/Al0.3Ga0.7N/AlN/GaN heterostructures

The temperature dependence of capacitance-voltage (C-V) and the conductance-voltage (G/w-V) characteristics of (Ni/Au)/Al_0.3Ga_0.7N/AlN/GaN heterostructures were investigated by considering the effect of series resistance (R_s) and interface states N_ss in a wide temperature range (79-395 K). Our experimental results show that both R_s and N_ss were found to be strongly functional with temperature and bias voltage. Therefore, they affect the (C-V) and (G/w-V) characteristics. The values of capacitance give two peaks at high temperatures, and a crossing at a certain bias voltage point (∼3.5 V). The first capacitance peaks are located in the forward bias region (∼0.1 V) at a low temperature. However, from 295 K the second capacitance peaks appear and then shift towards the reverse bias region that is located at ∼−4.5 V with increasing temperature. Such behavior, as demonstrated by these anomalous peaks, can be attributed to the thermal restructuring and reordering of the interface states. The capacitance (C_m) and conductance (G/w-V) values that were measured under both reverse and forward bias were corrected for the effect of series resistance in order to obtain the real diode capacitance and conductance. The density of N_ss, depending on the temperature, was determined from the (C-V) and (G/w-V) data using the Hill-Coleman Method.     

Photothermally Sensitive Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Remote Light‐Controlled Liquid Microvalves

A photothermally sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide (PNIPAM/GO) nanocomposite hydrogel can be synthesized by in situ γ‐irradiation‐assisted polymerization of an aqueous solution of N‐isopropylacrylamide monomer in the presence of graphene oxide (GO). The colors and phase‐transition temperatures of the PNIPAM/GO hydrogels change with different GO doping levels. Due to the high optical absorbance of the GO, the nanocomposite hydrogel shows excellent photothermal properties, where its phase transitions can be controlled remotely by near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, and it is completely reversible via laser exposure or non‐exposure. With a higher GO loading, the NIR‐induced temperature of the nanocomposite hydrogel increases more quickly than with a lower doping level and the temperature can be tuned effectively by the irradiation time. The nanocomposite hydrogel with its excellent photothermal properties will have great applications in the biomedical field, especially as microfluidic devices; this has been demonstrated in our experiments by way of remote microvalves to control fluidic flow. Such an “easy” and “clean” synthetic procedure initiated by γ‐irradiation can be extended for the efficient synthesis of other nanocomposite materials.     

一种基于GPRS无线通信的远程I/O控制终端实现

GPRS无线通信已经广泛地运用于现实生活中。针对GPRS无线通信远程终端I/O口控制问题,提出了一个从硬件设计到软件控制的整体方案。在该方案中,完成了GPRS模块GTM900的硬件连接设计和软件驱动,规范了GPRS模块与LPC2214处理器之间串口通信的MODBUS协议标准格式,实现了GPRS无线通信。实验结果证明,所提出来的方案成本低,且稳定可靠。     

研讨传声器管的特定参数IDS

介绍了传声器结构原理与普通JFET的区别,说明了外加电阻器R或"两孔"的基本原理和作用,研究分析了传声器的工作电流IDS和饱和漏电流IDSS的特性以及两者之差形成的原因,并进行了大量实验。最后指出,加电阻器结构逐渐减少甚至取消,而外加"两孔"已被大量采用,更适应大批量生产需要。而IDS变化,进而又改变其他电参数,是生产传声器管中的重要问题。     

智能车内环境自调节系统（泊车用）的设计与规划

针对目前汽车产业内泊车时的车内环境调节技术的发展滞后,致使很多车主夏季不得不使用凉椅、遮阳挡,冬季面对发动机点火难的尴尬,以及车载空调耗油、噪声大的缺点。利用珀尔帖效应原理,根据实际需求制作规格合适的半导体制冷模块,并利用L298N芯片控制,结合单片机最小系统、数字温度传感器DS18B20、LED显示电路、按键等功能,检测、控制,执行。并通过相关实验,最终实现了系统整体要求也同时贴补了这一领域的研究空白。     

基于EM78P419N单片机的消毒烘干机的设计

为了改善传统烘干机烘手时间长、易交叉感染、可靠性低等问题,进行了消毒干手机的设计。该设计利用红外技术检测信号,再将光信号转换成电信号送入EM78P419N单片机,通过单片机的处理后,启动电磁阀和滴水泵进行消毒。定时完成后,启动加热器和风扇进行烘干。整个过程完全自动控制,避免了交叉感染,手伸即喷,手离即停。同时,研制出的样品具有成本低、体积小、可靠性高、干手时间短等优点,在各类人员聚集或流动的场所应用广泛。     

基于.Net Framework的N层分布式开发

.Net Framework推出的许多新技术(比如Web Service)为建立可维护、可扩展的站点，开发高效率、高伸缩性的应用程序提供了相对简单的解决方案。本文介绍如何利用这些技术结合SQL Server数据存储技术或Xml文档创建N层分布式应用程序、实现跨平台、跨Internet的应用集成。     

Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Zn Single Atoms and CuNx Clusters for Synergetic Catalytic Reduction of CO2

Reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction is the initial and necessary step of CO₂ hydrogenation to high value-added products, and regulating the selectivity of CO is still a fundamental challenge. In the present study, an efficient catalyst (CuZnN_x@C-N) composed by Zn single atoms and Cu clusters stabilized by nitrogen sites is reported. It contains saturated four-coordinate Zn-N₄ sites and low valence CuN_x clusters. Monodisperse Zn induces the aggregation of pyridinic N to form Zn-N₄ and N₄ structures, which show strong Lewis basicity and has strong adsorption for *CO₂ and *COOH intermediates, but weak adsorption for *CO, thus greatly improves the CO₂ conversion and CO selectivity. The catalyst calcined at 700 °C exhibits the highest CO₂ conversion of 43.6% under atmospheric pressure, which is 18.33 times of Cu-ZnO and close to the thermodynamic equilibrium conversion rate (49.9%) of CO₂. In the catalytic process, CuN_x not only adsorbs and activates H₂, but also cooperates with the adjacent Zn-N₄ and N₄ structures to jointly activate CO₂ molecules and further promotes the hydrogenation of CO₂. This synergistic mechanism will provide new insights for developing efficient hydrogenation catalysts.     

有线数字电视的抗干扰特性和故障原因分析

分析有线数字电视和有线模拟电视抗干扰能力的差异,指出有线数字电视信号经过载波调制处理以后,它的抗干扰能力大大降低了,因此有必要对有线数字电视抗干扰的性能进行重新评价,提出"当系统网络没有故障时,有线数字电视抗干扰;当系统网络发生故障时,有线数字电视怕干扰;当有线数字电视出现问题时,系统网络必然有故障"的初步结论,并介绍一些有线数字电视发生故障的现象和维修、预防的方法。