Advanced Sn/C composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

Metallic tin was deposited in fine particulate form on the surface of carbonaceous mesophase spherules (CMS) and in the pores of porous carbon by the decomposition and reduction of tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate at 450 °C. The Sn/C composite powders obtained were used as anode materials for lithium ion cells. Electrochemical cycling tests of coin cells show that the dispersion of tin into the carbonaceous materials enhances the reversible capacity of the electrodes. The capacity retention at the 50th cycle is 91 % for Sn/CMS composite containing 22% tin, against 428 mAh g^–1 at the first cycle. With further increase in tin content, the capacity fade upon cycling is more rapid.     

Preparation and properties of water‐soluble polyester surfactants. II. Preparation and surface activity of silicone‐modified polyester surfactants

We prepared a novel series of water‐soluble silicone‐modified polyesters [poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–silicone polyesters] by reacting organopolysiloxane with a hydroxy‐terminated polyester. The polyesters were obtained by the polymerization of maleic anhydride and PEGs (molecular weights = 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, and 10000). These water‐soluble PEG–silicone polyesters can be used as auxiliaries in dyeing process because they exhibit good surface activities such as surface tension, low foaming, and wetting power. The presence of these surfactants also retarded the rate of nylon dyeing with acid dyes. The retarding effect and low‐foaming property of these novel PEG–silicone polyesters make it possible for these surfactants to be used as leveling agents for modern nylon dyeing with acid dyes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3005–3012, 2002     

A holistic approach to protein structure alignment

A method of protein structure comparison developed previouslyis extended to incorporate other aspects of protein structurein addition to the inter-atomic vectors on which it was originallybased. Each additional aspect, which included hydrogen bonding,solvent exposure, torsional angles and sequence, was introducedseparately and evaluated for its ability to improve alignmentquality. The components were then combined, suitably weighted,to produce a more holistic comparison method. The method wastested on a group of remotely related ß/ type proteinsthat share a common feature in their overall chain fold. Theresults indicated that while the original inter-atomic vectorcomponent was sufficient to give the correct alignment of mostpairs of topologically equivalent proteins, the inclusion ofhydrogen bonds, torsion angles and a measure of solvent exposureled to improvements in the more difficult comparisons. Considerationof amino acid properties, including hydrophobicity, had no beneficialeffect. The failure of the latter component was not unexpectedconsidering the almost total lack of sequence similarity amongthe proteins considered.     

Algal phagostimulants for marine herbivorous gastropods

Methanol extracts of the green algaUlva pertusa contain four kinds of glycerolipids that are active as feeding-stimulants for marine herbivorous gastropods. These compounds are digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), 1,2-diacylglycerly-4-O-(N,N,N-trimethyl)-homoserine (DGTH), 1-monoacylglyceryl-4'-O-(N,N,N-trimethyl)-homoserine (MGTH), and 6-sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG). The various gastropods exhibit marked specificity, however, as young abaloneHaliotis discus respond to DGDG and DGTH at minute dosages of 20–30 g/sample zone, but do not respond to 300 g of SQDG, which is a phagostimulant for two other kinds of gastropods,Turbo comutus andOmphalius pfeifferi.Chemical Studies on Phagostimulants for Marine Gastropods. Part VI. For Part V, see Sakata et al. (1986b).     

废旧锂电池中有价金属回收及三元正极材料的再制备

探讨了磷酸体系下不同因素对废旧锂电池正极材料中有价金属浸出效率的影响，结果表明：在浸出时间60min，反应温度60℃，磷酸浓度2mol/L，液固比20mL/g，还原剂(H₂O₂)体积分数为4%时，可得最佳浸出效果，Co、Li、Mn、Ni浸出效率分别可达96.3%、100%、98.8%和99.5%；浸出液添加相应比例金属离子，采用草酸共沉淀法制备前体材料(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)C₂O₄，并得到相应再生磷酸溶液。再生磷酸进行循环浸出实验，实验研究结果表明：循环浸出5次之后Li的浸出率仍可保持在90.1%，而Co、Mn和Ni的浸出率在75.0%以上。前体添加锂源Li₂CO₃煅烧合成Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂材料，考察了不同温度对Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂材料合成的影响，结果显示，当合成温度为800℃时，得到的材料性能最优良，初次放电容量可达136.4mA·h/g。在0.2C下经过50圈循环后容量保持率为97.2%。     

PEG1000强化钾盐催化硫醇β-羟乙基化反应

在常压、无溶剂条件下,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为相转移剂,钾盐为催化剂,碳酸乙烯酯(EC)和硫醇(RSH)为原料合成了β-羟乙基烷基硫醚(RSCH2CH2OH).系统考察了PEG对不同钾盐在RSH的β-羟乙基化反应中的固/液相转移作用以及EC用量对RSCH2CH2OH选择性的影响.通过GC和GC-MS计算与测定RSH转化率、RSCH2CH2OH选择性和副产物.结果表明,PEG本身没有催化活性,与单独加入0.5％(以RSH物质的量为基准,下同)K2CO3相比,同时加入1.0％PEG和0.5％K2CO3可显著提高RSH转化率和反应速率.PEG相对分子质量<1000时,PEG对K2CO3催化活性的强化作用随着PEG链长度的增长而增强.RSCH2CH2OH的选择性随着EC与RSH物质的量比(≥1.02)的增大而降低,副产物为乙烯基烷基硫醚和乙二醇.无溶剂条件下,PEG的加入能有效打破钾盐催化剂与液相反应物之间的相界面限制,增强钾盐催化活性,缩短反应时间,提高产品收率.     

基于气体穿透效果数值模拟的气体辅助注射成型工艺优化

对气体辅助注射成型工艺进行分析，阐述了气体辅助注射成型的关键技术要求在分析熔料流动、气体穿透物理模型的基础上，探讨了气体辅助注射成型数值分析的实现原理运用MPI／Gas模块对一T型支架进行了气体辅助注射成型CAE分析，模拟不同工艺条件下的气体穿透效果，确定了合理的工艺参数。     

滇池环湖截污干渠错峰技术模拟与分析

为了实现滇池流域截污效果的最大化,基于前期建立的东岸排水管网SWMM模型,结合该区域1995-2016年间降雨资料,研究环湖截污干渠的错峰调蓄技术。根据雨水干渠液位高度执行不同控制模式:当水位低于6.76 m时执行典型污染物浓度阈值控制模式;当水位高于6.76 m时执行典型污染物阈值控制的同时执行液位-污染物通量控制模式。采用SS和TN作为干渠截流的典型污染物控制指标,其控制浓度阈值分别取12和5 mg/L。模拟重现期为0.5~1 a降雨时SS、TN浓度-负荷通量调蓄方案下干渠负荷收集情况,结果表明两种调蓄方案均能有效提高雨水干渠的负荷收集率,提高污水干渠出口浓度,降低雨水径流对污水厂的高水量和低浓度冲击负荷。随着重现期增大,干渠对污染物的高效和最大化收集效果越明显。但是TN调控下污染负荷收集效果优于SS,因此选择TN作为干渠截流的最优典型污染物控制指标。     

Preparation and rheology of polyamide-6/attapulgite nanocomposites and studies on their percolated structure

The polyamide-6/attapulgite nanocomposites were prepared via an in situ polymerization route with attapulgites pre-modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). Morphology observation showed that the exfoliated attapulgite fibers were well dispersed in the polyamide-6 matrix on a nanometer scale and formed a percolation network structure. The rheological behaviors of such polymer/fibrous clay nanocompostie samples were investigated by an ARES rheometer with parallel plate geometry. The storage moduli (G′), loss moduli (G″), and dynamic viscosities of these samples increased monotonically with attapulgite content at low frequencies. The presence of attapulgites caused these nanocomposite melts to have solid-like behaviors and slower relaxation. This behavior can be explained in terms of the development of a grafting-percolated fibrous-silicate network structure. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the critical threshold for attapulgites fibers in 3D. The calculated critical threshold from simulations fitted the results of our rheological experiments very well.     

On the oxidative coupling of methane with carbon dioxide over CeO2/ZnO nanocatalysts

The nano-CeO₂/ZnO catalysts were prepared using a novel combination of homogeneous precipitation with micro-emulsion for oxidative coupling of methane with CO₂ as an oxidant. The prepared catalysts were compared with those prepared using the conventional impregnation. The catalysts prepared in two ways were characterized with FTIR, TEM, XRD and CO₂-TPD. The effects of the reaction temperature, the amount of ZnO doped in the catalysts and the average size were investigated. The experimental investigation demonstrated that methane conversion over the nano-CeO₂/ZnO catalysts prepared by the combined technique was higher than that obtained over catalysts prepared by the conventional impregnation. A better low-temperature activity has also been achieved over the nanocatalysts. There was no clear trend between the average size of nano-CeO₂/ZnO catalysts and their catalytic performance but methane conversion increased with increasing fractal dimension of nanocatalysts.