应用于早期火灾探测的CO传感器

为了实现对火灾的早期探测,设计了一种高精度、高灵敏度CO传感器。该传感器以激射波长的为2.33μm的连续型分布反馈激光器为光源。采用波长调制光谱(WMS)技术与一次谐波量化的二次谐波检测方法相结合的研究手段,对典型环境压力下复杂、重叠的光谱吸收特征进行分离,从而实现了良好的选择性和较高的灵敏度。基于Allan Werle方差的系统长期稳定性评估分析表明,系统的检测限(LoD)为1.18μL/L;当积分时间达到205s时,系统能够实现0.08μL/L的测量精度。最后,纸、棉花以及松木等容易产生阴燃的可燃物燃烧实验表明,所研制的传感器具有良好的早期火灾探测能力。     

近红外光谱技术的定性和定量分析

近红外光谱(NIR)分析技术具有简便、快捷、低成本、无污染以及不破坏样品等优点,是近年来发展最为迅速的实用分析技术之一.从近红外光谱的原理、特点以及定性分析和定量分析应用方面进行了论述,阐述光谱解析在近红外光谱定性和定量研究中的重要作用.     

125mL摩托车发动机噪声分析

通过对某 1 2 5mL摩托车用四冲程发动机的近场噪声测量和频率跟踪分析 ,得到了发动机各部位的近场噪声频谱特性 ,因而可以识别和分离发动机噪声源 ,并提出应注意的问题和改进方向。     

Spectroscopic and chemical-kinetic analysis of the phases of HCCI autoignition and combustion for single- and two-stage ignition fuels

The temporal phases of autoignition and combustion in an HCCI engine have been investigated in both an all-metal engine and a matching optical engine. Gasoline, a primary reference fuel mixture (PRF80), and several representative real-fuel constituents were examined. Only PRF80, which is a two-stage ignition fuel, exhibited a “cool-flame” low-temperature heat-release (LTHR) phase. For all fuels, slow exothermic reactions occurring at intermediate temperatures raised the charge temperature to the hot-ignition point. In addition to the amount of LTHR, differences in this intermediate-temperature heat-release (ITHR) phase affect the fuel ignition quality. Chemiluminescence images of iso-octane show a weak and uniform light emission during this phase. This is followed by the main high-temperature heat-release (HTHR) phase. Finally, a “burnout” phase was observed, with very weak uniform emission and near-zero heat-release rate (HRR). To better understand these combustion phases, chemiluminescence spectroscopy and chemical-kinetic analysis were applied for the single-stage ignition fuel, iso-octane, and the two-stage fuel, PRF80. For both fuels, the spectrum obtained during the ITHR phase was dominated by formaldehyde chemiluminescence. This was similar to the LTHR spectrum of PRF80, but the emission intensity and the temperature were much higher, indicating differences between the ITHR and LTHR phases. Chemical-kinetic modeling clarified the differences and similarities between the LTHR and ITHR phases and the cause of the enhanced ITHR with PRF80. The HTHR spectra for both fuels were dominated by a broad CO continuum with some contribution from bands of HCO, CH, and OH. The modeling showed that the CO+O→CO₂+hν reaction responsible for the CO continuum emission tracks the HTHR well, explaining the strong correlation observed experimentally between the total chemiluminescence and HRR during the HTHR phase. It also showed that the CO continuum does not contribute to the ITHR and LTHR chemiluminescence. Bands of H₂O and O₂ in the red and IR regions were also detected during the HTHR, which the data indicated were most likely due to thermal excitation. The very weak light emission in the “burnout” phase also appeared to be thermal emission from H₂O and O₂.     

EDXRF应用于古陶瓷科技鉴定的实验条件探讨

能量色散X射线荧光分析法(EDXRF)是目前古陶瓷科技鉴定中应用最广泛的成分测试技术之一。在应用该法进行古陶瓷科技鉴定时,由于不同研究者所选择的分析测试条件不同,测试数据会出现一定的差异性,严重的甚至导致截然相反的结论。有鉴于此,本文对EDXRF应用于古陶瓷科技鉴定的实验条件进行了分析探讨,为建立统一的测试标准,实现数据的通用性打下基础,以提高成分鉴定法的准确度和可信度。     

Nondestructive Estimation of Fat Constituents of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seeds by Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

A rapid and efficient method for oil constituent estimation in intact sesame seeds was developed through near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and was used to evaluate a sesame germplasm collection conserved in China. A total of 342 samples were scanned by reflectance NIR in a range of 950–1650 nm, and the reference values for oil content and fatty acid (FA) profiles were measured by Soxhlet and gas chromatograph methods. Useful chemometric models were developed using partial least squares regression with full cross‐validation. The equations had low standard errors of cross‐validation, and high coefficient of determination of cross‐validation (R_c²) values (>0.8) except for stearic acid (0.794). In external validation, r² values of oil and FA composition equations ranged from 0.815 (arachidonic acid) to 0.877 (linoleic acid). The relative predictive determinant (RPD_v) values for all equations were more than 2.0. The whole‐seed NIR spectroscopy equations for oil content and FA profiles can be used for sesame seed quality rapid evaluation. The background information of the 4399 germplasm resources and accessions with high linoleic acid content identified in this study should be useful for developing new sesame cultivars with desirable FA compositions in future breeding programs.     

The effect of nitrogen and sulphur compounds on extreme pressure lubrication

This paper reports the synthesis of hydroxyheptadecyl-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles and the evaluation of extreme pressure activity of their admixtures (0.5% and 1% w/ v) with a paraffinic oil in a four-ball test. Alloy steel bearing balls of 12.7 mm diameter were used as test specimens. All the additives exhibited good activity in reducing wear and increasing the values of mean Hertz load (MHL) and flash temperature parameter (FTP) as compared to the base fluid. The presence of p-methoxy- and p-chloro- groups in the thiadiazole and mercapto triazole rings has been found to enhance the activity of these additives. Scanning Auger Electron Spectroscopy surface studies were conducted to analyse the additive-metal interaction.     

拉曼光谱在食品分析中的应用

本文综述了拉曼光谱在食品分析中的应用,具体介绍了拉曼光谱在糖类、蛋白质、脂肪、DNA、维生素和色素等成分分析中的应用,在食品工业快速检测、质量控制、无损检测等方面,拉曼光谱必将发挥越来越大的作用。     

Synthesis,structural and luminescence properties of near white light emitting Dy-doped Y2CaZnO5 nanophosphor for solid state lighting

Novel near white light emitting Y₂CaZnO₅ (YCZ) nanocrystalline powders doped with Dy³⁺ ions were synthesized via the citrate gel combustion method. The structure of the compound is found to be triclinic with a particle size in the range of 20–30 nm. Luminescence properties have been characterized using photoluminescence (PL), excitation spectra and decay time measurements. The PL spectra have shown a broad blue band due to ⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2 transition and sharp yellow band corresponding to ⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2 transition of Dy³⁺ ions. From the concentration dependent PL studies, the optimum concentration of Dy³⁺ ions in YCZ is found to be 1.0 mol%, where intense near white light emission was observed. The Dy³⁺:YCZ nanophosphor has shown relatively better white color properties than the reported Dy³⁺:Y₂O₃ nanophosphor. The yellow to blue intensity ratios, CIE chromaticity coordinates and correlated color temperature studies have shown the possibility of using this compound for white light emission.     

沙漠区静校正技术研究

沙漠地区内通常遍布绵延起伏的沙丘,且海拔高差较大。表层沙丘的极不稳定导致静校正问题非常棘手,如何解决本地区的静校正问题成为了整个资料处理过程中的一大难点。本方法在利用微测井模型的基础上,研究采用沙丘静校正和折射静校正结合的方法来解决长波长静校正问题,同时采用多次迭代有效波剩余静校正来解决短波长静校正问题。通过这种综合静校正技术的应用,从而有效地解决本地区的静校正问题,提高了叠加成像的质量和信噪比,为后期的资料解释提供可靠的地震成果资料。