求解声波动方程的隐格式有限体积法

为研究声传播问题,提出一种声波动方程的隐格式有限体积法,该方法将格点型有限体积法与Newmark格式相结合.模拟平面波的传播过程,对比分析隐格式有限体积法和文献中显格式有限体积法的精度、稳定性及计算消耗等方面的性能.数值结果表明:当λ/Δx≥10时,两种算法均能得到满足精度要求的解;采用无条件稳定的隐格式算法,当满足ω0Δt≤0.3时,预测声压的相对峰值误差1%;当采用相同时间、空间步长时,隐格式算法精度高于显格式算法;隐格式算法对吸收边界的处理精度高于显格式算法,但对全反射边界的处理精度低于显格式算法;两种算法内存消耗比较接近,显格式算法的CPU耗时较少.     

Research and Application of Dynamic Equation for Full Frontal Impact

Full frontal impact theory needs researching and exploring to satisfy the primary safety design of occupant restraint system,avoiding the increasingly "engineering"trend in order to develop and design safety vehicle. After occupant restraint system is simulated by using linear elastic stiffness k,the occupant-vehicle frontal rigid barrier impact model is established. Dynamic equation of dummy chest coupling vehicle is built for full frontal impact based on ordinary vehicle deceleration by Hooke law,and the equation is solved by comparing coefficient and satisfying boundary qualifications. While relative vehicle characteristic parameters are kept unchanging,the actual vehicle deceleration is fitted to the simplified equivalent square wave( ESW),tipped equivalent square wave( TESW) and equivalent dual trapezoids wave( EDTW). Phase angle  and amplitude A of dynamic equations based on ESW,TESW and EDTW are calculated and deduced. The results show that: the dynamic equation of dummy chest coupling vehicle can be well utilized to instruct the primary safety design of full frontal impact for objective vehicle to satisfy chest deceleration demands and the equation based on TESW is best for this design.     

直缝焊管焊缝质量电磁超声检测方法研究

为实现直缝焊管焊缝内缺陷检测,采用周向电磁超声SH0导波检测技术,研究了基于磁致伸缩效应激励周向SH0模态导波,确定了周向SH0导波激励频率,设计了一款一发双收差分接收的直缝焊管焊缝缺陷检测探头。结果表明:该系统能够激发单一模态周向SH0导波,实际波速与模型分析结果吻合;针对直径116 mm、壁厚3.5 mm的激光直缝焊管焊缝的Φ0.6 mm盲孔和Φ1.0 mm通孔,通过差分探头的信号处理,能够实现焊缝处Φ1.0 mm通孔和Φ0.6 mm盲孔缺陷的检测。     

半潜式钻井平台内波工况定位能力

采用MOSES软件建立动力定位半潜式钻井平台分析模型,在时域内模拟平台在钻井作业过程中遭遇内波作用的耦合动力特性,分析平台在不同流速内波作用下的定位能力,并对动力定位系统的关键因素进行敏感性分析。研究结果显示：在同等环境载荷强度下,平台在船宽方向出现最大偏移;当内波流速小于1.0 m/s时,平台可基本满足钻井作业的定位要求,而当内波流速达2.0 m/s时,平台出现大幅值的水平偏移和倾角,需要解脱隔水管系统;提升推进器推力和增加推力敏感因子都有助于提升平台的抗内波能力,但都无法明显减小平台的水平偏移。因此,在遭遇高流速内波作用时,推荐平台撤离或调整船体首向。     

40Cr钢渗氮过程中碳原子的迁移

将正火４０Ｃｒ钢样在不同温度下进行不同时间的气体渗氮，对其横断面进行波谱分析，发现渗氮前沿附近自始至终存在着典型的贫碳区，其两侧为富碳区，透射电镜分析结果表明，碳原子的重新分布包括碳化物的回溶、碳的扩散及碳化物长大三个过程。     

桩基倾斜度对低应变反射波法割桩损伤的影响

低应变反射波法用于已建高桩码头的桩身结构完整性检测时,需要割桩设置传感器和激振两个平台,因而对桩身产生一定损伤。运用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS对比了不同倾斜度桩基在完好状态和检测状态下桩身应力的变化,分析了有割桩损伤侧桩身应力集中程度。结果表明:割桩损伤会导致割桩处出现应力集中,其影响范围主要在割桩处1.0 m之内,桩身受力最不利截面从桩基与横梁联接处移至割桩平台处。割桩处的应力集中程度与桩基的倾斜度相关:正斜桩应力集中程度最高,直桩次之,反斜桩应力集中程度最低。因此,对于以船舶撞击力为控制荷载的高桩码头,在低应变检测桩数目的前提下可增大抽检桩中反斜桩的比例。低应变检测桩基后应对割桩处1.0 m范围内进行修补,以确保桩基水平承载性能。     

Method of calculating the collision integral and solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation for simple gases,gas mixtures and gases with rotational degrees of freedom

The conservative method of calculating the Boltzmann collision integral for simple gases, gas mixtures and gases with rotational degrees of freedom of molecules is presented. In all cases the common approach based on the projection technique of summing up the contributions in the collision integral is used. The method is applied for solving the Boltzmann kinetic equation for two fundamental rarefied gas flow problems: the heat transfer problem and the problem of shock wave structure. A comparison with experimental and numerical data of other authors is reported. It is shown that the considered numerical method allows one to solve the Boltzmann equation for real gases with high accuracy.     

Insight into spontaneous recurrent calcium waves in a 3-D cardiac cell based on analysis of a 1-D deterministic model

Calcium dynamics in a cardiac cell are described by a system of 3-D non-linear stochastic partial differential equations. To obtain solutions that have biophysical properties, it is necessary to explore the model parameter space. To decrease the complexity of the parameter search, we reduce the 3-D stochastic model to a 1-D deterministic model. The reduction of the problem from 3-D to 1-D is done through an asymptotic approximation after non-dimensionalization and based on rational biophysical assumptions of the 3-D domain; the stochastic to deterministic transformation is based on the regular property of the 3-D solution. The result of the model reduction proves very effective in reducing the time required to get qualitative as well as quantitative information about parameter regions in the 3-D stochastic model including calcium dynamics (sparks, wave propagation, and recovery) observed in cardiac cells.     

基于CC2533的ZigBee技术智能小船测深防碰撞系统的设计

为减少船撞击事故的发生,提高野外水域工作的方便性,在ARM CortexTM-M4开发平台的基础上,设计以无线自组通讯网作为数据传递的测深防碰撞系统。本系统是以ARM CortexTM-M4芯片作为处理器,ZigBee无线通讯技术、GPS_RTK高精度定位技术和超声波测量技术作为拓展功能,最终搭建而成并实现测深、定位和防碰撞。测试结果表明,系统是拥有较强的可用性和拓展性能,有利于减少船撞击事故和方便野外水域工作。     

一种高方向灵敏度光纤F-P超声传感系统设计研究

针对光纤F-P超声传感器工作点易偏离问题,设计了基于双波长稳定技术的低细度光纤F-P传感系统,建立了双波长光纤F-P传感系统的DE算法数学模型,优化设计了一高正交精度光纤F-P传感系统,建立基于该传感器的激光超声检测系统,实验研究了该传感器探测超声信号的有效性和方向灵敏度。结果表明,该传感器可以有效检测试样中激发出的超声表面波信号。激发源与传感器轴向夹角为0°时,表面波幅值最大。随着激发源与传感器轴向夹角增大,表面波幅值降低。激发源与传感器轴线垂直时,幅值下降达80%,说明该传感器有很强的方向性。