金门水厂原水中臭味物质去除的中试研究

金门地区水库富营养化严重影响饮用水水质。夏天藻类所产生的臭味以土霉味为主。土霉味主要来自于藻类代谢物二甲基异冰片和土臭素。利用活性炭处理工艺分别使二甲基异冰片、土臭素及嗅值的去除率达92%、83%及72%;而利用臭氧一生物活性炭工艺则可使二甲基异冰片、土臭素及嗅值的去除率分别达96.3%、100%及96.7%。组合工艺可有效去除臭味物质,但清水池加氯消毒所产生的氯臭味,使嗅值无法达到台湾地区的饮用水水质标准,因此要特别注意控制加氯量。     

城市污水处理厂恶臭污染及其评价体系

城市污水处理厂的恶臭问题正在成为环境领域的一个重要研究课题。在阐述了城市污水处理厂恶臭气体的来源、主要组成成分及其浓度的基础上,进一步概述了我国城市污水处理厂的恶臭污染现状,并提出了针对我国城市污水处理厂恶臭污染的评价体系。该体系从恶臭物质的产生、迁移和所产生的影响三方面进行评价,能够较全面地反映城市污水处理厂的恶臭污染状况及其对周边环境的影响程度。     

Olfactory detection of ozone and D-limonene: reactants in indoor spaces

Young adult subjects who occupied a well-ventilated space with low background of level of ozone achieved via carbon-filtration could detect ozone odor at 7 ppb, lower than expected from archival compilations. The outcome was not inconsistent, however, with some observations of recognition, beyond mere detection, at about 15-20 ppb. Individual differences in sensitivity lay at or just below an order of magnitude, rare in olfactory testing and indicative of precision. In a study of d-limonene, subjects again showed high sensitivity and small individual differences. The subjects could detect the odor at 8 and 15 ppb, depending upon whether they occupied a space with or without carbon filtration, respectively. The results argue for use of carbon filtration to measure sensitivity most stringently, although absence of filtration seems not to incur a large penalty. The protocol used here, with collection of hundreds of judgments in a day, yet with little net exposure of the subject to odorant; with verifiably stable delivery; and with analytical confirmation of level should reduce tolerance for outcomes of large differences among subjects and among studies. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Humans manifested much higher sensitivity to ozone and D-limonene than commonly thought, a pattern revealing itself more broadly in olfactory studies as testing improves and analytical confirmation of delivery becomes more common. Published databases, with errors of +/-1000%, often badly underestimate sensitivity and can thereby encourage use of higher concentrations of compounds, particularly VOCs, than relevant in studies of reactive indoor chemistry.     

食用西瓜香精的调配研究

本文通过对天然西瓜所含香成分的分析，根据其香味特征，理论上详细地介绍了西瓜香味的香韵组成，并有选择性地使用各种单体原料进行调配实验，得出了较为优化的西瓜香精配方。     

盐水鸭卤水中的挥发性物质及其风味特性分析

应用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术分离鉴定盐水鸭复卤工艺所用卤水中的挥发性物质,结果在新卤中检测到较多量的醛、醇和烃类化合物,在老卤中检测到较多量的醛、芳香族和杂环类化合物。醛、酮、芳香族和一些杂环类化合物由于相对较高的浓度和较低的感觉阈值,可能是老卤的主要风味成分。而新卤中则检出更多的长链不饱和烯烃和烯醇类物质。     

卷烟主流烟气酸香特征成分组群的分布特征及感官贡献

为阐明卷烟主流烟气中具有酸香特征且可用于卷烟调香的有机酸成分及其分布特征和感官贡献,以《The chemical components of tobacco and tobacco smoke》中所列出的烟草和烟气成分为数据来源,从烟气中是否存在、香气贡献可能性和烟草添加剂使用安全性等方面对其中的有机酸成分进行了系统筛查,对筛查出的有机酸进行香气特征评价,明确了21种卷烟主流烟气中具有酸香特征且可能作为烟用香料的有机酸成分;采用N,O-双(三甲基硅基)三氟乙酰胺衍生化法和GC-MS法测定了21种酸香成分在14个品牌卷烟主流烟气中的释放量及在烟气粒相物中的质量分数;利用三点选配法测定了21种酸香成分在乙醇中的嗅觉阈值,并结合其在卷烟烟气粒相物中的质量分数,计算了14个品牌卷烟烟气粒相物中各酸香成分的香气活性值,推测了21种酸香成分的贡献度。结果表明:(1)常规和低焦油烤烟型卷烟中释放量较大的酸香成分均为乙酸、丙酸和2-氧代丙酸,混合型卷烟释放量较大的酸香成分是乙酸、丙酸和3-甲基戊酸。(2)混合型卷烟主流烟气中21种酸香成分的释放总量及总质量分数明显高于烤烟型卷烟。(3)异戊酸和乙酸对烤...