熔融碳酸盐燃料电池系统研究

全部采用国内易购的材料，研制出有效面积为336cm^2的NiO阴极和Ni-Al合金阳极及面积为900cm^2的γ-LiAlO2电解质板和双极板；采用62％Li2CO3 38%K2CO3熔融盐作为电解质，组装出由30个电池组成的千瓦级熔融碳酸盐燃料电池堆；在800小时连续运行试验中，电堆性能稳定。以摩尔组分为99．7％的H2为燃料气，空气中的氧气为氧化剂进行测试，单电池平均工作电压大于0．72V，最大电流密度达165mA/cm^2，最大输出功率达1080瓦。     

W-CDMA Uplink Capacity and Interference Statistics of Rural Highways Cross-Shaped Microcells

The capacity and the interference statistics of the sectors of the cross-shaped W-CDMA cell are studied using an analytical approach. A model of 49 cells is used to analyse the uplink, which limits the capacity. The cells are assumed to exist in rural zones. The capacity and the interference statistics of the microcell are studied for different sector ranges and different antenna sidelobe levels.     

Nutlin‐3a and Cytokine Co‐loaded Spermine‐Modified Acetalated Dextran Nanoparticles for Cancer Chemo‐Immunotherapy

The combination of chemo‐ and immunotherapy represents one promising strategy to overcome the existent challenges in the present‐day anticancer therapy. Here, spermine‐modified acetalated dextran nanoparticles (Sp‐AcDEX NPs), co‐loaded with the non‐genotoxic molecule Nutlin‐3a (Nut3a), and the cytokine granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), are developed to induce cancer cell death and create a specific antitumor immune response. These polymeric NPs release Nut3a in a pH dependent fashion and induce endosomal escape. Due to Nut3a, the loaded NPs exert specific toxicity toward wild‐type p53 cancer cells while avoiding toxicity in immune cells. Furthermore, the NPs show intrinsic immune adjuvancy on monocyte derived‐dendritic cells, upregulating the expression of cell surface CD83 and CD86 costimulatory markers. Finally, it is examined that by inducing MCF‐7 breast cancer cell death and acting as immune adjuvants, the NPs can downregulate the expression of IL‐10 and upregulate IL‐1β, leading to proliferation of CD3⁺ and cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells. Overall, the study suggests that Sp‐AcDEX NPs loaded with Nut3a and GM‐CSF is a promising system for chemo‐immunotherapy, capable of inducing tumor cell death and stimulating immune response.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde onto Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Nickel Decorated Nanoporous Cobalt‐Nickel Phosphate Molecular Sieve for Fuel Cell

Nanoporous cobalt‐nickel phosphate VSB‐5 molecular sieve (CoVSB‐5) was synthesized by conventional heating for 48 h in the presence of (2‐hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium hydroxide as template. Then, a novel, cheap and efficient catalyst was developed for formaldehyde electrooxidation by decorating Ni²⁺ ions on the surface of CoVSB‐5 modified carbon paste electrode (CoVSB‐5/CPE). The electrochemical behavior of the Ni‐CoVSB‐5/CPE electrode towards the formaldehyde oxidation was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) as well as chronoamperometry methods. An oxidation peak was observed at 0.60 V in 0.1M NaOH solution for electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde with EC′ mechanism. It has been observed that CoVSB‐5 at the surface of CPE can improve catalytic efficiency of the dispersed nickel ions toward oxidation of formaldehyde. The values of electron transfer coefficient, the mean value of catalytic rate constant and diffusion coefficient for formaldehyde and redox sites were obtained to be 0.66, 1.80 × 10⁵ cm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ and 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ cm² s⁻¹, respectively. Obtained results from cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry techniques specified that the electrode reaction is a diffusion‐controlled process. The good catalytic activity, high sensitivity, good selectivity and stability and easy in preparation rendered the Ni‐CoVSB‐5/CPE to be a capable electrode for formaldehyde electrooxidation.     

Preparation of KOH‐doped PVA/PSSA Solid Polymer Electrolyte for DMFC: The Influence of TiO2 and PVP on Performance of Membranes

The development of low cost alkaline anion solid exchange membranes requires high ionic conductivity, low liquid uptake, strong mechanical properties and chemical stability. PVA/PSSA blends cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde and decorated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles introduce advantages relative to the pristine membrane of PVA and PVA/PVP membranes due to their improved electrical response and low methanol uptake/ swelling ratio allowing their use in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells.     

High‐efficiency indium gallium nitride/Si tandem photovoltaic solar cells modeling using indium gallium nitride semibulk material: monolithic integration versus 4‐terminal tandem cells

In this work, we present a double‐junction solar cell with a crystalline silicon solar cell as a bottom junction and an indium gallium nitride‐based semibulk‐structured solar cell as a top junction. Using SILVACO Atlas and taking into account polarization effects in III‐N materials, we have shown that 50% of indium is needed to ensure the current matching between the top cell and the bottom cell in 2‐terminal configuration. Such high indium composition is technologically challenging to grow. Thus, we have also modeled a 4‐terminal configuration showing the same performance (i.e. conversion efficiency close to 29%) where only 25% of indium content is needed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

EWOD-based chip characterization under AC voltage

This paper addresses one basic issue of EWOD chip as a consumable: how to detect the alteration of hydrophobic layers? We investigate the possibility of using droplet oscillations to finely characterize chip ability to EWOD protocols. Experiments are performed in coplanar electrodes configuration. Dedicated setup and software have been developed for a simple in situ characterization. When a low-frequency AC voltage is used, drop surface oscillations are created from the time-varying component of the normal electrostatic stress at drop surface near the contact line. As an analysis tool, our software is based on droplet contour detection and delivers dynamical contact angle and contact line motion. Careful attention is brought to surface wetting or dewetting of the droplet during long-term AC actuation and surface ageing.     

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS AND MODULES: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC OUTLOOK TOWARDS THE YEAR 2000

There is a clear need for renewable energy and PV is a very attractive renewable energy source. The paper describes the different requirements for photovoltaic materials and compares these materials on the basis of these requirements. Silicon in general and crystalline silicon in particular fullfil the largest part of the current PV-market and the technological issues of this materials are therefore described in more detail from source(feedstock) material, over crystallization and wafering up to cell and module fabrication. The potentiality to serve the market and the ecological impact are extremely large and encouraging. Industrial capacity is increasing. Some applications are economic already now at current prices, but the large electrical market penetration can only come if conversion efficiencies are increased and cost is reduced further by accelerating the increase in production volumes and R&D efforts considerably.