基于产住元胞的乡村碳图谱建构与优化策略解析——以浙江地区发达乡村为例

随着乡村的社会经济增长与就地城镇化转型,低碳建设已成为城乡人居环境可持续发展的重要保障。本文以乡村的产住元胞为小微单元因子,建构碳排放量化评估模型,并借助GIS模拟与解析乡村碳空间图谱的范式特征。以浙江地区的发达乡村为实证样本,结果表明：不同产住类型主导的乡村碳空间图谱差异明显,具有分散式点状、梯度式层推和核域式集聚分布等特征。进而,探讨现阶段乡村增汇减排面临的困境,并提出乡村碳排放的优化路径与策略机制,以期为低碳乡村的营建规划提供参考与经验。     

Dynamics of cells attachment, aggregation, growth and detachment in trickle-bed bioreactors

Excessive biomass formation in two-phase flow trickle-bed bioreactors induces biological clogging and leads to the progressive obstruction of the bed that is accompanied with a build-up in pressure drop and flow channeling. One of the important aspects during biological clogging in trickle-bed bioreactors is the aggregation of cells and the detachment of cells and aggregates from pore bodies within the porous bed. Current theoretical models describing the transient behaviour of biomass accumulation and the biological clogging in trickle-bed bioreactors for wastewater treatment neglect the cell aggregation process and the aggregates detachment. An attempt has been made with this contribution in which the authors strived to develop an Euler-Euler two-fluid dynamic model based on the volume-average mass, momentum equations, species balance equations, biomass dynamics equation, filtration equations for the cells and the aggregates and discrete population balance equations for the cells agglomeration to describe two-phase flow and space-time evolution of biological clogging in trickle-bed bioreactors for wastewater treatment. Phenol biodegradation by Pseudomonas putida as the predominant species immobilized on activated carbon was chosen as a case study to illustrate the consequences of formation of excessive amounts of biomass. Cells aggregation was described by the rate at which a certain size aggregate is being formed by smaller aggregates minus the rate at which the aggregate combines to form a larger aggregate. The detachment of the cells or aggregates from the collector surface was supposed to be induced by the colloidal forces in the case of Brownian cells/aggregates or by the hydrodynamic forces in the case of non-Brownian aggregates.     

Biomaterial surface properties modulate in vitro rat calvaria osteoblasts response: Roughness and or chemistry?

The aim of this study was a better understanding of the regulation mechanisms of in vitro osteoblast activity on biomaterials. Rat osteoblast behaviour on different surfaces was studied. Surfaces with different roughness (and a similar surface chemistry) or with different surface chemistry (and a similar roughness) were compared. Cellular morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy and cell adhesion was quantified using an image analysis system. Osteoblast proliferation was quantified by a MTT test and total protein content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were evaluated by spectrophotometry. Data were compared by statistical analysis.

Results showed that NiTi surface roughness did not influence osteoblasts morphology, adhesion, total protein content and ALP activity whereas it modulated cell proliferation. Roughness was shown to stimulate cell proliferation. For smooth surfaces exhibiting two different chemical compositions, adhesion rate was found to be higher on Thermanox® than on NiTi whereas proliferation was shown to be smaller. ALP activity was also modulated by surface chemistry. Thus, cell adhesion and ALP activity were found to be more governed by surface chemistry than by roughness whereas cell proliferation was shown to be modulated by roughness (this effect increasing during cell culture) and by chemistry (this effect remaining stable in time) together. Total protein content and cell morphology were found to be independent of both parameters (roughness and chemistry). Effects of surface chemistry were discussed in terms of wettability and electron acceptor/donor properties of the surfaces of interest. Immunofluorescence images of adhesion proteins could not demonstrate differences between the three surfaces.     

Inorganic membranes and membrane reactors

The inorganic membrane reactor is a combined unit operation of chemical reactions and membrane separations. By having a membrane reactor, the downstream separation load can be reduced. Also, the yields can be increased and conversion can be improved for equilibrium limited reactions. However, many of the industrial chemical reactions take place at high temperature that the conventional polymeric membranes cannot withstand. A great deal of research has been done recently to develop ion-conducting ceramic membranes. Many of these have been successfully employed to form membrane reactors for many industrially relevant chemical reactions, such as hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, oxidation, coupled reactions, and decomposition reactions. An overview is given for the area of inorganic membrane preparations and membrane reactors. Many examples of petrochemical interests are presented, including hydrocarbon conversions and fuel cell applications.     

Subcellular Localization of Thiol-Capped CdTe Quantum Dots in Living Cells

Internalization and dynamic subcellular distribution of thiol-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in living cells were studied by means of laser scanning confocal microscopy. These unfunctionalized QDs were well internalized into human hepatocellular carcinoma and rat basophilic leukemia cells in vitro. Co-localizations of QDs with lysosomes and Golgi complexes were observed, indicating that in addition to the well-known endosome-lysosome endocytosis pathway, the Golgi complex is also a main destination of the endocytosed QDs. The movement of the endocytosed QDs toward the Golgi complex in the perinuclear region of the cell was demonstrated. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

EVA胶膜交联度的研究

介绍了太阳能电池粘接用ＥＶＡ胶膜中交联剂（包括交联剂的选择，用量、固化温度及固化时间）对交联度的影响．     

Single step deposition method for nearly stoichiometric CuInSe2 thin films

This paper reports the production of high quality copper indium diselenide thin films using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering from a powder target. As-grown thin films consisted of pin-hole free, densely packed grains. X-ray diffraction showed that films were highly orientated in the (112) and/or (204)/(220) direction with no secondary phases present. The most surprising and exciting outcome of this study was that the as-grown films were of near stoichiometric composition, almost independent of the composition of the starting material. No additional steps or substrate heating were necessary to incorporate selenium and create single phase CuInSe₂. Electrical properties obtained by hot point probe and four point probe gave values of low resistivity and showed that the films were all p-type. The physical and structural properties of these films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Resistivity measurements were carried out using the four point probe and hot probe methods. The single step deposition process can cut down the cost of the complex multi step processes involved in the traditional vacuum based deposition techniques.     

基于改进的Faster R-CNN模型的异常鳞状上皮细胞检测

宫颈癌是目前世界上最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,患者死亡率非常高.新柏氏液基细胞学检测(TCT)是宫颈癌筛查的基本方法,病理医生在显微镜下观察子宫颈脱落的鳞状上皮细胞,查看是否存在异常鳞状上皮细胞进行诊断.TCT对宫颈癌的检出率为100％,同时还可以发现部分癌前病变和微生物感染.目前国内的病理医生只有10000人左右,而且培养...