多弧离子镀与磁控溅射共沉积TiN/TiCN多层膜的高温抗氧化性能

TiN/TiCN多层膜的高温抗氧化性研究对于扩大其应用领域具有重要作用,但目前鲜见相关报道。采用多弧离子镀与磁控溅射技术以不同调制周期在304不锈钢表面共沉积TiN/TiCN多层膜。采用XRD、XPS、倒置显微镜及高温氧化试验研究了多层膜的高温抗氧化行为。结果表明:TiN/TiCN多层膜表面光滑平整、均匀致密,薄膜主要为具有Ti-(C,N)键的fcc-TiN结构;随着调制周期的减小,TiN/TiCN多层膜生长取向发生转变,且具有(111)晶面生长织构;随着氧化温度的升高,多层膜的显微硬度逐渐降低,氧化增重速率不断增大,且在700℃之后变化速率较快,薄膜的开始氧化温度约为750℃;随着调制周期的减小,多层膜TiN与TiCN界面层数量增多,促使晶粒细化,提高了其致密性,还隔断了缺陷贯穿薄膜的连续性,显著降低了薄膜的孔隙率,致使O原子扩散困难,增强了薄膜的高温抗氧化性能。     

大功率相移SVM整流器研究

为了改善并网电流的波形品质,在大功率整流器中采用了空间矢量相移多重化技术。在分析大功率相移SVM整流器基本工作原理的基础上,提出了简单的d,q坐标控制方案。该控制方案由负载电流环、均流环及电网电压前馈三部分组成,在稳定直流侧电压的同时实现了各并联整流器交流侧的良好均流。最后分析了并联环流特性,给出了相应的均流电抗器设计方法。工程实验验证了系统方案的可靠性和控制系统的有效性。     

Effects of Non-Opioid Analgesics on the Cell Membrane of Skin and Gastrointestinal Cancers

Skin and gastrointestinal cancer cells are the target of research by many scientists due to the increasing morbidity and mortality rates around the world. New indications for drugs used in various conditions are being discovered. Non-opioid analgesics are worth noting as very popular, widely available, relatively cheap medications. They also have the ability to modulate the membrane components of tumor cells. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol on skin and gastrointestinal cancers cell membrane. These drugs may affect the membrane through topical application, at the in vitro and in vivo level after oral or parenteral administration. They can lead to up- or downregulated expression of receptors, transporters and other molecules associated with plasma membrane. Medications may also alter the lipid bilayer composition of membrane, resulting in changes in its integrity and fluidity. Described modulations can cause the visualization of cancer cells, enhanced response of the immune system and the initiation of cell death. The outcome of this is inhibition of progression or reduction of tumor mass and supports chemotherapy. In conclusion, non-opioid analgesics may be used in the future as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of these cancers.     

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate on Melanoma Cell Line: Inhibition of Cerebral Metastases Formation by Targeting NF-kB Genes-Mediating MicroRNA-4443 and MicroRNA-3620—Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate Effect on Melanoma

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural compound isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in vitro. Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DPG), a dipotassium salt of GA, also has shown an anti-tumor effect on glioblastoma cell lines, U87MG and T98G. The study investigated the DPG effects in the melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28). MTT assay demonstrated that the viability of the cells was significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after DPG (IC₅₀ = 36 mM; 24 h). DNA fragmentation suggested that DPG (IC₅₀) induced cellular apoptosis, which was confirmed by a significant number of TUNEL-positive cells (p-value = 0.048) and by PARP-1 [0.55 vs. 1.02 arbitrary units (AUs), p-value = 0.001], BAX (1.91 vs. 1.05 AUs, p-value = 0.09), and BCL-2 (0.51 vs. 1.07 AUs, p-value = 0.0018) mRNA compared to control cells. The proliferation and wound-healing assays showed an anti-proliferative effect on DPG-IC₅₀-treated cells, also indicating an inhibitory effect on cell migration (p-values < 0.001). Moreover, it was observed that DPG promoted a 100% reduction in melanospheres formation (p-value = 0.008). Our previous microRNAs (miRs) global analysis has revealed that DPG might increase miR-4443 and miR-3620 expression levels. Thus, qPCR showed that after DPG treatment, SK-MEL-28 cells presented significantly high miR-4443 (1.77 vs. 1.04 AUs, p-value = 0.02) and miR-3620 (2.30 vs. 1.00 AUs, p-value = 0.01) expression compared to control cells, which are predicted to target the NF-kB, CD209 and TNC genes, respectively. Both genes are responsible for cell attachment and migration, and qPCR revealed significantly decreased CD209 (1.01 vs. 0.54 AUs, p-value = 0.018) and TNC (1.00 vs. 0.31 AUs, p-value = 2.38 × 10⁻⁶) mRNA expression levels after DPG compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, the migration of SK-MEL-28 cells stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was attenuated by adding DPG by wound-healing assay (48 h: p-value = 0.004; 72 h: p-value = 7.0 × 10⁻⁴). In addition, the MMP-9 expression level was inhibited by DPG in melanoma cells stimulated by TPA and compared to TPA-treated cells (3.56 vs. 0.99 AUs, p-value = 0.0016) after 24 h of treatment. Our results suggested that DPG has an apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory effect on SK-MEL-28 cells. DPG was also able to inhibit cancer stem-like cells that may cause cerebral tumor formation.     

基于间接矩阵变换器的异步电动机直接转矩控制

间接矩阵变换器是一种直接变换型交流-交流电力变换装置,与交-直-交变换器和传统矩阵变换器相比,具有很多优良的特性。异步电动机直接转矩控制以其简洁明了的系统结构,优良的静、动态性能,获得转矩的高动态性能。为了在实现异步电动机的高动静态性能调速的同时,满足电网电能质量的要求,提出一种采用间接矩阵变换器驱动异步电动机的直接转矩控制系统调制策略。利用这种调制策略,在异步电动机高速运行的条件下,一方面实现异步电动机的高性能交流调速,另一方面使系统具有良好的输入特性,能够满足日益严格的电网电能质量的要求。数值仿真结果验证这种调制策略的可行性。     

旋转部件非接触式测温装置供电及通信研究

针对高速辊体温度非接触式测量装置供电及通信单元结构复杂、易受干扰的问题,研制了一种结构简单、测量精度高的新型测温装置.利用由两个电感线圈构成的空心变压器既完成能量传送又能进行信息通信.定子侧直流电源经全桥逆变后利用电感耦合原理向转子供电.通过曼彻斯特编码方式调制采样数据得到通信信号,利用反向调制原理,向定子侧传递温度信息完成定转子之间通信.经理论计算与硬件实验表明,装置具有良好的供电稳定性以及通信抗干扰能力.     

逆变器脉宽调制中基于脉冲的死区补偿方法

逆变器PWM波形中由于死区时间的存在可能会导致电力电子器件的短路,最终影响输出波形并降低可靠性.虽然每一个死区时间都很短.但如果按周期计算的话,叠加起来的死区会对输出的PWM波形产生很大影响.提出了一种修正死区时间的方法,即基于脉冲的死区补偿方法(PBDTC).与其他方法相比,该方法需要的硬件和软件比较少,且成奉较低.该方法在分析单个脉冲死区时间的基础上,对每个单脉冲进行修正.将实验结果与其他方法进行了比较.证明该补偿方法较为完美.     

基于DFB激光器的振动传感系统改进PGC解调算法

相位生成载波(Phase Generated Carrier, PGC)解调算法是目前光纤干涉传感领域中重要的解调算法。针对目前PGC解调算法中光强扰动和调制深度影响信号解调准确度的问题,提出了一种改进的PGC解调算法(PGC-Ameliorated),并搭建了基于分布反馈(Distributed Feedback, DFB)激光器的振动传感系统进行实验验证。实验结果表明,当被测振动信号的频率为800 Hz时,该算法信噪比为57 dB,优于微分交叉相乘(Differential and Cross Multiplying, DCM)算法和反正切(Arctan)算法近20 dB。在不同光强下,该算法解调信号幅值波动范围在±0.02 rad;在不同调制深度下,该算法总谐波失真最小为0.61%,信纳比最大为25.9 dB,相比于DCM算法和Arctan算法具有更低的总谐波失真和更高的信纳比。     

甲烷探测系统中干涉噪声的研究

甲烷在近红外波段的探测越来越多,为了补偿弱吸收缺点,使用灵敏度高的谐波检测技术.由于DFB激光器具有长相干的特点,在探测系统中容易产生干涉噪声.本文就气室所造成的干涉噪声进行理论分析,讨论了干涉噪声与正弦调制指数、气室长度的关系.基于这种关系,通过选择恰当的参数来减少干涉噪声.文中指出选用二次谐波来检测气体的原因及减少干涉噪声的方法.介绍了结构简单的聚焦气室,与传统的准直气室相比,具有插入损耗小,噪声低等优点,足多点光纤传感系统的理想选择.