Cu-MOF assisted synthesis of CuS/CdS(H)/CdS(C): Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light

CuS/CdS(H)/CdS(C) photocatalysts were synthesized via the hydrothermal method by employing thiourea, Cd(CH₃COO)₂·3H₂O and copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate MOF (CuBDC). The photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, TEM and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Interestingly, hexagonal CdS (CdS(H)) and cubic CdS (CdS(C)) were formed with phase junctions in one step when CuBDC was introduced in the synthesis process, in addition, CuS nanoparticles were deposited on CdS. However, only hexagonal CdS was obtained without CuBDC. It demonstrated that CuBDC was not only the precursor of CuS but also the structural modifier for CdS. With the reduction of re-combination of photo-induced electrons and holes caused by phase junctions and the enhancement of visible-light absorptions due to the loading of CuS, all CuS/CdS(H)/CdS(C) photocatalysts had higher photocurrent densities under visible-light irradiation, and consequently the higher rates of H₂ production than pure CdS(H). Typically, the catalyst with 2.89 wt% of Cu showed a highest rate of H₂ evolution at 2042 μmol/g/h.     

Alterations in gap junction connexin43/connexin45 ratio mediate a transition from quiescence to excitation in a mathematical model of the myometrium

The smooth muscle cells of the uterus contract in unison during delivery. These cells achieve coordinated activity via electrical connections called gap junctions which consist of aggregated connexin proteins such as connexin43 and connexin45. The density of gap junctions governs the excitability of the myometrium (among other factors). An increase in gap junction density occurs immediately prior to parturition. We extend a mathematical model of the myometrium by incorporating the voltage-dependence of gap junctions that has been demonstrated in the experimental literature. Two functional subtypes exist, corresponding to systems with predominantly connexin43 and predominantly connexin45, respectively. Our simulation results indicate that the gap junction protein connexin45 acts as a negative modulator of uterine excitability, and hence, activity. A network with a higher proportion of connexin45 relative to connexin43 is unable to excite every cell. Connexin45 has much more rapid gating kinetics than connexin43 which we show limits the maximum duration of a local burst of activity. We propose that this effect regulates the degree of synchronous excitation attained during a contraction. Our results support the hypothesis that as labour approaches, connexin45 is downregulated to allow action potentials to spread more readily through the myometrium.     

InGaN基高压LED和传统大功率LED的发光效率比较

主要从三个不同角度探究并分析了基于In Ga N材料的高压LED的发光效率优于传统大功率LED的原因。为了保证实验结论的可靠性,文中所采用的实验样品具有相同的芯片尺寸和材料以及相同的封装结构。经过大量的实验证明,更均匀的电流分布和小芯片间隙的出光,使得高压LED的发光效率优于传统大功率LED。结果显示,在相同的1 W输入功率下,高压LED的发光效率比传统大功率LED高大约4.5%。     

功放芯片热分析及散热片结构优化

通过红外热像仪测量Ga As功率放大器芯片的结温可知,温度最高点出现在芯片的栅条上,红外热像仪的放大倍数会导致芯片结温的差异性,正确选择测量的距离系数和放大倍数,可以提高红外热像仪的测温准确性。采用Flotherm软件仿真,并与试验值比较,两者的误差低于6%,由此验证了仿真的可靠性。运用Flotherm软件对T/R组件的散热片优化处理可知,散热片底板对温度影响较小,随着散热片数目的增加,温度逐渐降低,直到散热片的数目阻碍了空气流动,温度开始上升。     

混合式高压直流断路器数据监测平台的研制

为了监视和控制级联全桥混合型直流断路器,为设备选型、断路器故障分析等提供实测数据,在介绍国网智能电网研究院研发的级联全桥混合型直流断路器工作原理基础上,总结高压电力电子器件的高压建模和结温计算所需数据,设计出一套实用的高压直流断路器监测平台。该监测平台采用Labview进行界面开发,具有全面的遥测、遥信显示记录功能和高频率采样的故障录波功能,能够在线计算IGBT和其并联二极管的结温,并经实验验证了监测平台的运行效果。     

Bubble breakup with permanent obstruction in an asymmetric microfluidic T‐junction

Bubble breakup with permanent obstruction in an asymmetric microfluidic T‐junction is investigated experimentally. The breakup process of bubbles can be divided into three stages: squeezing, transition, and pinch‐off stages. In the squeezing stage, the thinning of the bubble neck is mainly controlled by the velocity of the fluid flowing into the T‐junction, and the increase of the liquid viscosity can promote this process. In the transition stage, the minimum width of bubble neck decreases linearly with time. In the pinch‐off stage, the effect of the velocity of the fluid flowing into the T‐junction on the thinning of the bubble neck becomes weaker, and the increase of the liquid viscosity would delay this process. The evolution of the minimum width of the bubble neck with the remaining time before the breakup can be scaled by a power–law relationship. The bubble length has little influence on the whole breakup process of bubbles. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1081–1091, 2015     

考虑基频结温波动的风电变流器可靠性评估

目前风电变流器可靠性评估,无法在考虑实际风速、气温等外部环境长期随机变化的情况下考虑基频结温波动对变流器可靠性的影响。文中提出一种结温迭代算法,可以快速数值计算出功率模块结温。该方法与结温电热仿真方法相比,在保证计算精度的同时能大大缩短计算时间。文中以1.2MW直驱风力发电系统为例,利用提出的结温数值计算方法并结合实际风速和气温数据快速计算整年器件结温,采用Bayerer寿命模型和线性累计损伤理论实现了计入基频结温波动的风电变流器可靠性评估。最后还对可靠性计算结果进行了验证,对比分析了机侧和网侧变流器的可靠性差异、低频和基频结温波动对变流器可靠性的影响。结果表明,大功率直驱风力发电系统,机侧变流器可靠性问题更为严重,且基频结温波动对变流器可靠性的影响不容忽视。     

一款800V VDMOS终端结构的设计

设计了一款800 V VDMOS终端结构,采用场限环(FLR)与场板(FP)相结合的方式,在场限环上添加多晶硅场板与金属场板,有效地降低了表面电场峰值。通过调整终端结构,在135μm的有效终端长度上实现了848 V的击穿电压,最大表面电场为2.34×105 V/cm,小于工业界判断器件击穿场强标准(2.5×105 V/cm),且电场分布比较均匀,终端结构的稳定性和可靠性高。     

电容耦合电荷量子比特的调控及纠缠特性

摘 要：借助于狄拉克的正则量子化原理,对电容耦合的双约瑟夫森结电荷量子比特体系实施量子化。考虑到平行于约瑟夫森结面的磁场对结电流的影响,提出了一种新的电荷量子比特的调控方法,并且讨论了外加磁场作用下体系量子态时间演化的拉比振荡现象及纠缠特性。结果表明,利用该体系可以制备纠缠态,改变外加磁通Φ1和Φ2的大小能够实现对电荷量子比特及其纠缠态的有效调控。     

一种基于波导E-T结的新型功分器的设计方法

针对传统功分器的不足,提出了一种改进型波导E-T结功分器。通过三维电磁仿真软件CST对其进行了建模仿真,得到一个合理的设计方案,该结构具有高隔离度、低插入损耗、小体积、宽频带等优点。加工的实物经测试在12~17 GHz的频率范围内,该功分器的插入损耗＜0.12 dB,回波损耗＞18 dB,隔离度＞15 dB,具有良好的工程应用价值。