G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomerization, while contentious, continues to attract the attention of researchers. Numerous experimental investigations have validated the presence of GPCR dimers, and the relevance of dimerization in the effectuation of physiological functions intensifies the attractiveness of this concept as a potential therapeutic target. GPCRs, as a single entity, have been the main source of scrutiny for drug design objectives for multiple diseases such as cancer, inflammation, cardiac, and respiratory diseases. The existence of dimers broadens the research scope of GPCR functions, revealing new signaling pathways that can be targeted for disease pathogenesis that have not previously been reported when GPCRs were only viewed in their monomeric form. This review will highlight several aspects of GPCR dimerization, which include a summary of the structural elucidation of the allosteric modulation of class C GPCR activation offered through recent solutions to the three-dimensional, full-length structures of metabotropic glutamate receptor and γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor as well as the role of dimerization in the modification of GPCR function and allostery. With the growing influence of computational methods in the study of GPCRs, we will also be reviewing recent computational tools that have been utilized to map protein–protein interactions (PPI). 相似文献
Tuberculosis (TB) disease has become one of the major public health concerns globally, especially in developing countries. Numerous research studies have already been carried out for TB, but we are still struggling for a complete and quick cure for it. The progress of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains resistant to existing drugs makes its cure and control very complicated. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to search for newer and effective drugs that can inhibit an increasing number of putative drug targets. We applied the drug repurposing concept to identify promising FDA-approved drugs against five key-regulatory genes (FurB, IdeR, KstR, MosR, and RegX3) of the MTB. The FDA drugs were virtually screened using a structure-based approach by GOLD versions 5.2, and subjected to rigid docking followed by an induced-fit docking algorithm to enhance the accuracy and prioritize drugs for repurposing. We found 11 candidate drugs (including ZINC03871613, ZINC03871614, ZINC03871615 as top scorer candidate drugs) that were frequently present within the top 20 GoldScore ranks and showed promising results. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation was performed to monitor the effect of the top scorer drugs on the structural stability of all the five targets, indicating that inhibitors preferentially bind to the active site of the targets. This work suggests that these known FDA-approved drugs open new application domains in the form of anti-tuberculosis agents.
Research into partnering performance measures for building and construction projects becomes crucial because a growing trend of client organizations has been observed to adopt partnering approach to procure their projects worldwide over the past decade. Although there are some related research studies and papers documented on this research area, few, if any, comprehensive and systematic research studies focus on developing a comprehensive, objective, reliable and practical performance evaluation model for partnering projects in construction. A Partnering Performance Index (PPI), which is composed of seven weighted Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), has been developed to measure, monitor, improve, and benchmark the partnering performance of construction projects in Hong Kong. A set of Quantitative Indicators (QIs) and well-defined ranges of Quantitative Requirements (QRs) for each QI have been further established using the Delphi survey technique and Fuzzy Set Theory. Evaluation of partnering success can now be based on quantitative evidences, thus tackling the subjectivity of performance evaluation. By making use of the Internet and database technology, PPI can be monitored on-line, thus saving much time, cost and efforts on data collection and retrieval than if they are done manually. As such, an Internet-based computerized partnering monitoring and benchmarking tool, namely the Computerized Partnering Performance Index System (CPPIS) has been developed. The Internet-based CPPIS enables project participants to input data at any time and location and the project administrators could perform data analysis via the Internet. The CPPIS also enables project managers to measure, monitor, improve and benchmark their partnering performances against those already stored in the database. Graphical presentations of data and various performance measures are also built in to assist various end-users to identify problematic areas and critical success factors for achieving partnering excellence. 相似文献