吐温80增溶-紫外分光光度法测定辅酶Q_(10)脂质体的载量及包封率

在辅酶Q10脂质体的制备过程中,载量和包封率是评价辅酶Q10脂质体的2个重要质量指标。采用表面活性剂吐温80对辅酶Q10脂质体进行增溶,再结合紫外分光光度法测定其载量和包封率。研究结果表明,辅酶Q10浓度在2.5～50μg/mL范围内,吐温80增溶法与以乙醇为溶剂的反相高效液相色谱法以及紫外分光光度法有良好的相关性(R2>0.999);空白脂质体中,辅酶Q10的加样回收率在(98.26±0.63)%～(101.20±1.28)%之间,相对标准偏差RSD<2%(n=6);该法用于测定辅酶Q10脂质体中总辅酶Q10含量的RSD<5%(n=6);不同载量[(3.22±0.01)%～(13.62±0.31)%]的辅酶Q10脂质体的包封率均高于95%(RSD<1%,n=6)。与以乙醇为溶剂的反相高效液相色谱法以及紫外分光光度法相比,该法具有准确可靠、简单、重现性较好的优点。     

Effects of coenzyme Q10, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on oxidation of cholesterol in chicken liver pâté

The aim of this study was to determine whether supplemental addition of coenzyme Q₁₀ and ascorbic acid or α-tocopherol, either alone or together, can prevent oxidative damage in chicken liver pâté, as reflected by reduced formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and by preservation of sensorial quality. Separate groups of chicken liver pâtés had no supplements (control) or were supplemented with coenzyme Q₁₀ (0.2 g/kg) and either ascorbic acid (2 g/kg) or α-tocopherol (0.2 g/kg), or both. All products were pasteurised (82 °C) or sterilised (121 °C). Four COPs were found: 7α-, 7β-, 20α- and 25-hydroxycholesterol. The COP radical scavenger function of coenzyme Q₁₀ (control, 5.16 mg/kg; plus Q₁₀, 3.94 mg/kg) and the synchronous actions of coenzyme Q₁₀ and α-tocopherol (2.6 mg/kg) were confirmed in sterilised pâtés. Generally, in pasteurised and sterilised pâtés, the most efficient scavenger function was with ascorbic acid either alone or together with α-tocopherol, where the formation of COPs was below the limit of detection. An increase of 1.9 mg/kg in COP production during heating was also seen in samples without added antioxidants. There was a weak interdependence between the content of COPs and the sensory parameters of the pâté. For addition of antioxidants, in the pasteurised pâté, colour and smell were slightly improved, but flavour deteriorated; in the sterilised pâté, colour was slightly worse, with a more tender texture. Overall, instrumentally measured colour and sensory properties (except texture) showed no significant differences between pasteurisation and sterilisation.     

Authentication of the anti-tumor herb Baihuasheshecao with bioactive marker compounds and molecular sequences

Baihuasheshecao (Hedyotis diffusa), a Chinese herb for cancer treatment, is frequently adulterated by a related species Hedyotis corymbosa. DNA sequencing of the complete internal transcribed spacer region was applied to differentiate H. diffusa from H. corymbosa and other closely related species. The molecular data showed that four out of seven herb samples of Baihuasheshecao were adulterants. Chemical analyses by TLC and HPLC were used to authenticate H. diffusa and H. corymbosa. Two marker compounds were identified exclusively in H. diffusa: 6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl scandoside methyl ester (compound 1) and 10(S)-hydroxypheophytin a (compound 2). Both compounds showed moderate anti-proliferation effect on PC3 human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, while compound 2 also showed strong anti-proliferation effect on LNCaP human androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Accordingly, these bioactive marker compounds could be applied to verify the authenticity and assess the quality of Baihuasheshecao.     

Inactivation of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant milk formula by gamma irradiation: determination of D10-value

ABSTRACT:  Enterobacter sakazakii is an emerging foodborne pathogen that has caused several cases of meningitis and necrotizing entercolitis in infants and has been associated with infant formulas. Five strains of E. sakazakii were inoculated individually into brain heart infusion broth and rehydrated or dehydrated infant milk formula and exposed to ionizing radiation. E. sakazakii strains in brain heart infusion broth and rehydrated infant milk formula (RIMF) were exposed to irradiation dose of up to 1 kGy while strains in dehydrated infant milk formula (DIMF) were exposed to irradiation dose of up to 9 kGy. The D₁₀-values were determined by using a linear regression model. Average calculated D₁₀-values ranged from 0.21 to 0.29 kGy, 0.24 to 0.37 kGy, and 1.06 to 1.71 kGy in brain heart infusion broth, RIMF, and DIMF, respectively. The results obtained from this study will be useful for powdered infant milk formula industries to reduce the risk associated with E. sakazakii .     

Environmental aspects of ethanol-based fuels from Brassica carinata: A case study of second generation ethanol

One of the main challenges faced by mankind in the 21st century is to meet the increasing demand for energy requirements by means of a more sustainable energy supply. In countries that are net fossil fuel importers, expectation about the benefit of using alternative fuels on reducing oil imports is the primary driving force behind efforts to promote its production and use. Spain is scarce in domestic energy sources and more than 50% of the energy used is fossil fuel based. The promotion of renewable energies use is one of the principal vectors in the Spanish energy policy. Selected herbaceous crops such as Brassica carinata are currently under study as potential energy sources. Its biomass can be considered as potential feedstock to ethanol conversion by an enzymatic process due to the characteristics of its composition, rich in cellulose and hemicellulose. This paper aims to analyse the environmental performance of two ethanol-based fuel applications (E10 and E85) in a passenger car (E10 fuel: a mixture of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline by volume; E85 fuel: a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline by volume) as well as their comparison with conventional gasoline as transport fuel. Two types of functional units are applied in this study: ethanol production oriented and travelling distance oriented functional units in order to reflect the availability or not of ethanol supply. E85 seems to be the best alternative when ethanol production based functional unit is considered in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and E10 in terms of non-renewable energy resources use. Nevertheless, E85 offers the best environmental performance when travelling distance oriented functional unit is assumed in both impacts. In both functional unit perspectives, the use of ethanol-based fuels reduces the global warming and fossil fuels consumption. However, the contributions to other impact indicators (e.g. acidification, eutrophication and photochemical oxidants formation) were lower for conventional gasoline.Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) procedure helps to identify the key areas in the B. carinata ethanol production life cycle where the researchers and technicians need to work to improve the environmental performance. Technological development could help in lowering both the environmental impact and the prices of the ethanol fuels.     

首台国产化10m~3原级球罐制造技术

在严格执行国家标准及行业标准规定下,大连金鼎石化公司成功地制造了10m3国内体积最小的高强钢原级球罐,实现了国产化,填补了国内空白。本文主要从弹塑性变形和球罐组焊两大方向阐释了球罐制造技术要点及成型控制措施。对今后标准计量型球罐研究工作及提高制造技术水平都有一定的指导作用。     

纳米晶块体Co-45Ni-10Cr合金在H2SO4溶液中腐蚀电化学行为研究

利用粉末冶金工艺制备常规尺寸（CS）Co-45Ni-10Cr合金粉末,再利用机械合金化法制备纳米尺寸（NS）Co-45Ni-10Cr合金粉末,采用真空热压技术得到相应的块体Co-45Ni-10Cr合金。腐蚀介质选择不同浓度的H2SO4溶液,利用电化学工作站分别测试两种Co-45Ni-10Cr（CS和NS）块体合金的自腐蚀电位、动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱,对比研究了它们的腐蚀行为以及晶粒细化对于它们腐蚀行为产生的影响。结果表明：两种Co-45Ni-10Cr（CS和NS）块体合金的自腐蚀电位均随腐蚀介质H2SO4溶液浓度增大而发生负移,腐蚀倾向逐渐加剧,同时腐蚀电流密度均增大,电荷传递电阻相应减小,因此腐蚀速度加快。此外,两种Co-45Ni-10Cr（CS和NS）块体合金的交流阻抗谱均为单一容抗弧,说明腐蚀速率均由电化学过程控制。与Co-45Ni-10Cr（CS）合金相比,Co-45Ni-10Cr（NS）合金的腐蚀速率减慢,这表明纳米化后Co-45Ni-10Cr块体合金的耐腐蚀性能有所提高。