黄花菜中黄酮化学成分的测定

以黄花菜为原料,从中提取黄酮化合物,利用荧光法、化学检识法、薄层层析(TLC)定性测定黄花菜中的黄酮化合物的类别。通过其结果可以初步得出黄花菜中提取的黄酮类别为黄酮醇黄酮。     

Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Pea Starch Films Plasticized with Monosaccharides and Polyols

Edible starch films were produced from pea starch and various plasticizers (mannose, glucose, fructose, and glycerol and sorbitol) at the ratio of 4.34, 6.50, 8.69, and 10.87 mmol plasticizer per gram of starch. After film specimens were conditioned at 50% relative humidity, mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity), water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture content, and thermomechanical properties (G’ and tan8) were determined as a function of plasticizer concentration. At all concentration levels, monosaccharides (mannose, glucose, and fructose) made the starch films stronger (higher tensile strength) and more stretchable than polyols (glycerol and sorbitol), while WVP of monosaccharide‐plasticized starch films were lower than those of polyol‐plasticized starch films, especially at higher plasticizer concentration levels. Except for 4.34 mmol/g of mannose‐plasticized film, all the other films showed similar modulus of elasticity at the same plasticizer concentration. Polyol‐plasticized films had lower T than the monosaccharide‐plasticized films. Glucose‐ and sorbitol‐plasticized films needed more activation energy to go through glass transition than others. After all, research results showed that not only the polyols but also the monosaccharides were effective in plasticizing starch films. It is concluded that molecular size, configuration, total number of functional hydroxyl group of the plasticizer as well as its compatibility of the plasticizers with the polymer could affect the interactions between the plasticizers and starch molecules, and consequently the effectiveness of plasticization.     

Isolation,Purification, and Structural Features of a Polysaccharide from Phellinus linteus and Its Hypoglycemic Effect in Alloxan‐Induced Diabetic Mice

Phellinus linteus is a medicinal mushroom that has been used in Oriental countries for centuries for its antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and biological activity on hyperglycemia. A water‐soluble crude polysaccharide was extracted using hot water from P. linteus mycelia grown under submerged culture. An orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the extraction conditions of P. linteus mycelia polysaccharides (PLP). The crude polysaccharide was purified using DEAE Sephadex A‐50 and Sephadex G‐200 chromatography. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the structure of the purified P. linteus polysaccharide (PLP‐I), revealing that it was mainly a branched‐type glycan with both α‐ and β‐linkages and a pyranoid sugar ring conformation. PLP orally administered at 100 mg/kg body weight/d could significantly reduce the blood glucose level by 35.60% in alloxan‐induced diabetic mice. The results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) revealed that PLP had an effect on glucose disposal after 28 d of treatment. The result revealed that PLP from a submerged culture of P. linteus mycelia possessed potent hypoglycemic properties. The polysaccharide may be useful as a functional food additive and a hypoglycemic agent.     

Sex‐related differences in the nutritional value of Japanese quail meat

The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of birds’ sex on the carcass composition and meat (breast muscle) nutritional value in Japanese quails in a large‐scale four‐generation study. Standard poultry feed was used, based on maize, soya bean meal and wheat. Four generations of quails were housed up to the age of 17 weeks each. Then samples of breast muscle were collected after dissection and analysed for basic nutrient content and for fatty acids composition. Results were analysed by GLM procedure in SAS, and significance of differences between birds of different sex was estimated by Duncan's test. Dissection revealed marked differences between birds’ of different sex in case of relative organ weight. Results of meat analyses showed no differences in the basic composition. Fatty acids analyses showed a more advantageous profile in female meat.     

大型真菌抗氧化活性物质的研究进展

大型真菌是能形成大型子实体的真菌总称,该类群中食药用资源极为丰富,许多种类具有显著的抗氧化活性。作者综述了国内外有关大型真菌具抗氧化活性的小分子次生代谢产物的化学结构及其活性的研究概况,以期对大型真菌的活性筛选、化学分析和开发利用提供借鉴。     

基于熵权法和灰色关联度法优选人参—酸枣仁抗氧化活性最佳配比

目的:开发以人参—酸枣仁为原料的相关保健品。方法:应用HPLC、紫外分光光度计对人参、酸枣仁不同配伍比例进行化学成分研究;应用DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率分析样品的体外抗氧化活性;同时采用灰色关联度法,以熵权法所得权重为分辨系数进行统计分析,结合性状进行综合评价优选出最佳配伍比例。结果:人参—酸枣仁不同配比的样品的抗氧化活性与总酚酸、酸枣仁皂苷A、斯皮诺素含量呈显著相关关系;m_人参∶m_酸枣仁为1∶1的样品的总酚酸、酸枣仁皂苷A、斯皮诺素含量高于其他配比的,且其抗氧化活性强于其他配比的,说明抗氧化活性的药效物质基础是总酚酸、酸枣仁皂苷A、斯皮诺素。结论:人参—酸枣仁抗氧化活性最佳配比(m_人参∶m_酸枣仁)为1∶1。     

不同品种鹅肉理化特性及其风味物质的比较分析

选取广东主产区五个品种鹅（狮头鹅、马岗鹅、乌鬃鹅、白鹅和阳江鹅）,分别对其蛋白质、脂肪、水分、蒸煮损失率、质构等理化特性进行测定,并采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱（SPME-GC-MS）法对挥发性风味物质进行测定分析。结果表明,5种鹅肉的各理化特性指标间均存在显著差异（P<0.05）,74%的数据绝对值大于0.30,适宜采用主成分分析进行综合评价,通过理化特性的主成分分析提取了2个主成分表征原变量的88.48%的信息,综合排名由高到低为马岗鹅、狮头鹅、阳江鹅、白鹅、乌鬃鹅。5种蒸煮鹅肉共检出61种挥发性物质,其中醛类13种,醇类11种,烷烯烃类27种,酮类5种,芳香烃2种,酯类1种,其他类化合物2种,共有的挥发性风味物质11种。狮头鹅和乌鬃鹅的风味物质最为丰富,含量百分比分别为80.6%和73.77%;尤其己醛、壬醛、庚醛这三种风味物质分别达到46.67%和45.52%,醛类对广东品种鹅肉风味具有较大贡献。通过对不同品种鹅肉综合得分评价分析,为不同品种鹅肉深加工提供理论依据。     

加拿大短叶松Jack Pine作为造纸纤维原料的研究进展

介绍了加拿大短叶松Jack Pine的物理化学特性及其在化学法制浆、机械法制浆、漂白特性及生产实践方面的最新研究进展.     

黄花菜的保健功效及化学成分研究进展

黄花菜具有较高的营养价值,在中国传统中是药食两用的蔬菜。文中对近年来黄花菜的保健功效和化学成分的研究进行了综述,其保健功效主要包括抗氧化与抗癌、改善睡眠、杀虫、镇静、消炎、抗黄疸、抗抑郁等作用;化学成分主要为萜类、内酰胺类、蒽醌类、多酚类、精油、甾体皂苷、生物碱等;最后对其毒性进行了简要阐述。