Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid in pigs: criteria to distinguish between the illegal use of carbadox and environmental contamination

Carbadox cannot be used in food-producing animals within the European Union following the adoption of Commission Regulation EC 2788/98/EC. Monitoring of the longest remaining residue—quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA)—is the most effective way of enforcing the prohibition on its use. The study was under taken to determine if QCA could be passed from pig to pig following the exposure of unmedicated animals to housing that had previously contained medicated animals. Drug-withdrawal studies were also carried out on medicated animals. Distinction between treated animals and those exposed to QCA might be required by competent national authorities to determine whether a positive result for QCA in tissue is truly 'violative'. Comparison of the ratio concentrations of QCA in tissues and body fluids was made to determine if they could be used as criteria for discrimination between illegally treated animals and environmental contamination.     

Detecting Multiple Faults in One-Dimensional Arrays of Reversible QCA Gates

Reversible logic design is a well-known paradigm in digital computation. In this paper, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is investigated for testable implementations of reversible logic in array systems. Testability of 1D arrays consisting of reversible QCA gates is investigated for multiple faulty modules. It has been shown that fault masking is possible in the presence of multiple faults without additional lines for controllability and observability. A technique for achieving C-testability of a 1D array is introduced by adding lines for observability. By adding lines for controllability, as well as observability, the array may be fully tested with a smaller number of test patterns. Different cases of arrays made of QCA reversible gates are presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed testing method.

QCA电路的缺陷研究

针对量子元胞自动机电路中出现的元胞移位等元胞缺陷,介绍了基于QCADesigner的元胞缺陷分析,得出了特定结构的容错范围。对于制造过程出现的单电子故障,分析了不同输入时单电子故障对传输线和反相器的影响。对于制造过程中出现的漂移电荷缺陷,分析了这些缺陷对传输线的影响。通过改变元胞与传输线之间的距离,研究了QCA传输线之间的串扰问题,得出了其容错范围。最后对RS触发器中出现的元胞缺陷采用测试序列进行了分析研究,从而为进一步研究QCA电路的缺陷提供了依据和方向。     

基于QCA可编程逻辑阵列单元的元胞缺陷研究

介绍了一种量子元胞自动机(QCA)可编程逻辑阵列结构,该结构可用于实现量子元胞自动机大规模可编程逻辑电路,采用QCADesigner仿真软件研究了元胞缺失、移位缺陷和未对准缺陷对可编程逻辑阵列单元逻辑功能的影响。得出了特定结构下,每个元胞移位缺陷和未对准缺陷的最大错位距离,以及导线模式中存在特定位置的8个可缺失元胞。这为缺陷单元的应用提供了一个具体的参数标准,提高了PLA阵列的单元利用率。     

Design and evaluation of new majority gate-based RAM cell in quantum-dot cellular automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata is one of the candidate technologies used in Nano scale computer design and a promising replacement for conventional CMOS circuits in the near future. Since memory is one of the significant components of any digital system, designing a high speed and well-optimized QCA random access memory (RAM) is a remarkable subject. In this paper, a new robust five-input majority gate is first presented, which is appropriate for implementation of simple and efficient QCA circuits in single layer. By employing this structure, a novel RAM cell architecture with set and reset ability is proposed. This architecture has a simple and robust structure that helps achieving minimal area, as well as reduction in hardware requirements and clocking zone numbers. Functional correctness of the presented structures is proved by using QCADesigner tool. Simulation results confirm efficiency and usefulness of the proposed architectures vis-à-vis state-of-the-art.     

人工智能公司内部治理机制对组织韧性影响的实证研究

构建适宜的公司内部治理机制以提升组织韧性是企业应对不确定性冲击的重要途径。文章将公司内部治理机制分为“股东-董事-激励”三个层面,使用动态定性比较分析方法,利用2018—2022年64家人工智能A股上市企业的面板数据,探索时间效应下的公司内部治理机制组态对组织韧性的影响。研究表明：公司内部治理机制需要相互协同才能有效提升组织韧性;企业高组织韧性的4个公司内部治理机制组态可总结为技术模型、监督模型和集权模型,且高薪酬激励是各组态共有的因素;各组态具有时间效应,需动态调整公司内部治理机制以提升组织韧性。研究丰富了对组织韧性影响因素的认识,并深化了“治理束”视角下公司内部治理机制的研究,对人工智能企业管理实践具有启示意义。     

基于量子细胞自动机的数值比较器设计

量子细胞自动机(QCA)可以构建逻辑门和QCA线。该文基于QCA设计了1位,4位和8位数值比较器,并用QCADesigner软件进行模拟。结果表明,所设计的电路具有正确的逻辑功能。通过对电路所需细胞数、面积和时延三方面性能分析,表明所设计的电路时延并不随输入位数呈线性增加,因而所设计的电路具有良好的时延性。