Synthesis and Properties of New Cleavable Cationic Surfactants Containing Carbonate Groups

A novel series of cleavable alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants with different hydrocarbon chain lengths (C8–16) were synthesized. A carbonate break site inserted between the polar head and the hydrocarbon chain makes these compounds hydrolyzable. The reagents used are renewable, (bio)degradable, or reusable. The hydrolysis of these cleavable surfactants will lead to the generation of fatty alcohols and choline, which is an essential biological nutrient. The surface activities in aqueous solution of the synthesized carbonates fulfill the requirement of being good surfactants. In addition, the cleavable compounds containing n-decyl and n-dodecyl chains showed similar or higher antimicrobial activities when compared to a non-cleavable analog.     

Synthesis and Application of a Hyperbranched Polyester Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant

In the presence of the alkaline catalyst sodium hydroxide, the intermediate of hyperbranched polyester (H20Cl) was prepared by the modification of the hyperbranched polyester Boltorn H20 with epichlorohydrin. Then a new kind of quaternary ammonium functionalized hyperbranched polyester (H20C16 N) was synthesized by the reaction of H20Cl and hexadecyldimethylamine. The characteristics of H20C16 N were determined by FT‐IR, ¹H NMR and TGA. The molecular and molecular weight distribution of H20C16 N were determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and the surface activities of H20C16 N including surface tension (γ) and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were measured at 25 °C. The H20C16 N reduced the surface tension of water to 30.81 mN/m at concentration levels of 7.94 × 10^?5 mol L^?1 and micellization free energies of the quaternary ammonium salt in its solution showed a good tendency towards adsorption at interfaces. The H20C16 N was applied to the silk fabric. An antimicrobial test of the treated fabrics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was carried out. SEM and XPS analysis were performed to study the dispersion of H20C16 N onto the fabric. All results exhibited excellent antibacterial properties of the hyperbranched polyester quaternary ammonium salt.     

Preparation and antimicrobial activity of terpene-based polyurethane coatings with carbamate group-containing quaternary ammonium salts

A series of novel carbamate group-containing quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) have been synthesized, which were subsequently used as antimicrobial agent and incorporated into polyurethane coatings through crosslinking with terpene-based polyol and polyisocyanate. The chemical structures of QASs were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR. The effects of QASs on the properties of coatings were investigated. The results showed that the resulting coatings exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by introducing QASs into the polyurethane networks. Furthermore, with the increasing of QAS content, the antimicrobial activity and adhesion of the coatings were enhanced, while the pencil hardness, water resistance and thermal stability of the coatings were decreased.     

N-2(丙烯酰胺甲氧基)乙基三甲基氯化铵的合成

本文以N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、氯乙醇、三甲胺为原料合成了N-2(丙烯酰胺甲氧基)乙基三甲基氯化铵,这是目前国内尚没有开发的一种新型季铵盐,其共聚或均聚体分别是性能良好的纸干强剂或絮凝剂。本文以P—B实验设计法较全面考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应物配料比、硫酸加入量、碳酸氢钠加入量等诸因素对合成反应的影响,初步确定了影响反应产品收率的关键参数及其各自的较佳值,建立了在一定范围内适用的数学模型。     

壳聚糖三甲基季铵盐的合成及其结构表征

利用壳聚糖分子中氨基的特性,与过量碘甲烷进行彻底甲基化反应合成水溶性的壳聚糖三甲基季铵盐,纯化后进行了结构表征。     

三江平原第四纪地壳运动特征

三江平原第四纪地壳运动主宰了第四系沉积，第四系沉积又纪录了地壳运动特点与规律。其特点是具有继承性、多期性和差异性．主要表现形式为问歇性下沉，并形成了一系列活动断裂带。三江平原地壳运动动力来源于三江——阿穆尔地堑本身强烈活动及两侧裂谷的收缩作用。     

世界特大洪水

介绍了第四纪以来世界特大洪水的规模、成因，论述了特大气象洪水的时空分布规律．对洪水研究提出了4点建议。     

烷基季铵盐改性膨润土的膨胀性

用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重(TG)表征方法,考察了四甲基溴化铵(TMAB),四乙基溴化铵((Et)4NB),十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB),十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对膨润土膨胀性的影响。结果表明,不同季铵盐都已吸附到膨润土晶层间,短链季铵盐TMAB和(Et)4NB主要以单分子平躺在膨润土晶层之间,使膨润土的层间距比原土样降低,有很好的防膨作用。长链季铵盐DTAB和CTAB以假三层平卧、倾斜排列等方式排列,使膨润土的层间距比原土样增加,没有防膨作用。且膨润土对(Et)4NB和TMAB的吸附量低于DTAB和CTAB的。     

季铵盐类相转移催化法合成苯甲酸苄酯

研究了由苯甲酸钠和氯化苄通过相转移催化法合成苯甲酸苄酯的亲核取代反应, 考察了几种季铵盐类相转移催化剂的亲核取代反应催化活性。筛选出合成苯甲酸苄酯反应催化活性较好的一种季铵盐类相转移催化剂四丁基碘化铵((C₄ H₉)₄ NI), 在n(苯甲酸钠)/n(氯化苄)为1 .0 ∶1 .3 , 反应温度110 ℃, 反应时间2 .5 ～ 3 .0 h, n(催化剂)/ n(苯甲酸钠)为0.06 , 体系pH 值为5 ～ 6 时, 苯甲酸苄酯的收率可达90%以上。     

苯并咪唑季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及性能

以邻苯二胺和月桂酸为原料,合成了中间体2-十一烷基苯并咪唑,进一步与苄基氯反应合成了阳离子表面活性剂1,3-二苄基-2-十一烷基苯并咪唑季铵盐（UBS）。通过IR和1 H-NMR对中间体及目标产物进行了结构表征。研究了UBS在水溶液中的表面活性。35℃下,它的临界胶束浓度（CMC）为0.51mmol/L,临界胶束浓度时的表面张力（γCMC）为39.6mN/m;随着温度降低,其CMC略有减小,γCMC升高。比较了UBS与常见表面活性剂LAS和OP-10的泡沫性能,UBS的发泡能力强于LAS和OP-10,稳泡性较低。