加氢换热器制造质量控制

加氢换热器是加氢装置关键设备之一,制造过程中质量控制不容忽视,焊接缺陷是最常见的。重大设备制造按要求委托第三方进行监理,设备监理对缺陷的判断处理非常重要。灵活应用各种质量控制工具,分析判断质量缺陷原因,达到控制质量目的。     

张力腿平台张力腿焊接工艺

依托中海油拟建的流花16-2/11-1张力腿平台(Tendon Leg Platform,TLP)建造项目,对TLP平台的关键结构——张力腿的焊接技术进行初步研究。针对张力腿结构及母材特性、焊接工艺要求及强度韧性指标等一系列要求,结合国内外张力腿焊接研究现状及青岛公司现有场地资源,对张力腿的焊接工艺进行研究,经验证,该工艺满足相关技术指标。     

AA6063-T6铝合金激光焊接实验研究

采用3500 W Slab CO2激光器，对厚度为5 mm的AA6063-T6铝合金板材进行了激光填丝对接焊接实验研究。测定了AA6063铝合金激光焊接的功率阈值，探讨了激光填丝焊接工艺参数对焊缝成型的影响，并对不同填充焊丝焊接接头的强度及拉伸断口形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明，在合适的工艺参数下，可以获得表面光洁、正反面焊缝成型良好的对接接头;焊态下，单面焊接不填充焊丝的接头强度为180.7 MPa;单面焊接填充AlSi12,AlMg4.5MnZr焊丝的接头强度最低为190 MPa，且两种填充焊丝接头的拉伸强度无明显差异;双面焊接填充AlMg4.5MnZr焊丝的接头强度达到200.7 MPa，约为母材的90%。对于单面焊接接头，由于填充材料难以进入焊缝内部及根部存在气孔加剧了拉伸强度较低的程度。     

基于紫铜填充中间层的黄铜激光焊接气孔控制

采用中间过渡层的新方法研究了黄铜焊接气孔的控制,对比分析了以紫铜为中间层的黄铜激光焊接和常规激光焊接获得的焊缝的气孔率,结果表明:在中间层条件下,焊缝表面和内部的气孔率均大幅降低;随着焊接速率增大,气孔率逐渐减小,当焊接速率为2.2 mm/s时,气孔率几乎为零;当焊接参数相同时,中间层条件下的焊缝气孔率仅为常规激光焊接的1/3,焊接接头的力学性能优于常规激光焊接。在焊缝成形良好的前提下,验证了采用紫铜为中间层的焊接方法控制黄铜激光焊接气孔缺陷的有效性。     

脉冲CO2激光焊接30CrMnSiA气孔控制及机理分析

为了研究激光深熔焊气孔的产生规律及抑制气孔的措施,采用脉冲CO2激光焊接的方法,得到了未焊透时焊缝气孔率和脉冲参数的关系。结果表明,在脉冲频率低于50Hz时,焊缝气孔随着脉冲频率的增加显著减少,当频率在50Hz~200Hz范围时,可以稳定地抑制焊缝气孔的产生。适当提高占空比有利于减少气孔数量。     

填丝TIG焊接Mo—Cu合金与18-8不锈钢接头的微观组织

采用填丝钨极氩弧焊（TIG）对Mo—Cu合金与18—8不锈钢进行焊接．采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计及x射线衍射仪等对Mo—Cu／18—8接头的微观组织、显微硬度、元素分布及熔合区附近的物相组成进行分析．结果表明,Mo—Cu合金侧的熔合区为马氏体和奥氏体的混合组织,焊缝和18—8钢侧的熔合区为奥氏体和铁素体双相组...     

SPRITE探测器的电阻问题

ＳＰＲＩＴＥ探测器的电阻是一个重要的器件参数。研究了Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ材料组分和电阻率、芯片厚度和表面电导等因素对该电阻的影响，并就实验数据进行了比较结果表明：ＳＰＲＩＴＥ器件的室温电阻主要是受Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ材料组份和芯片厚度的影响。而其液氮温度电阻则主要是受芯片表面电导的影响。     

异种合金惯性摩擦焊的研究现状

文中针对钢与其他合金、铝合金与其他合金、钛合金与其他合金、高温合金与其他合金的惯性摩擦焊的研究现状进行了阐述。主要对惯性摩擦焊的工艺参数选取、端面设计、焊前预热、焊后热处理等研究内容进行了综述。并对异种合金惯性摩擦焊存在的问题进行了分析总结。结果表明,采用合理选择工艺参数、设计不同形状的端面、添加中间过渡层、焊前预热处理、焊后热处理等方法获得强度与母材相当、焊接质量较好的接头。建议在后续的研究中,结合数值模拟对异种合金惯性摩擦焊的工艺参数及端面设计进行优化,对接头的元素分布及新相形成的种类与数量进行调控,对焊接界面金属的流动行为进行深入研究,以获得具有综合性能较好的异种合金惯性摩擦焊接头。     

Frontiers in NDE research nearing maturity for exploitation to ensure structural integrity of pressure retaining components

In this paper, research and developmental efforts that demonstrate high sensitivity detection and characterization of defects and assessment of microstructural degradation, residual stresses and fatigue damage in materials using different non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, have been discussed. Applications of eddy current techniques for quantitative defect characterization and for generalized applications, and remote field eddy current technique for inspection of steam generator and heat exchanger tubes have been discussed. Advanced ultrasonic methods such as time of flight diffraction, synthetic aperture focusing technique, phased array and signal processing for detection, characterization and imaging of defects have been discussed. Applications of ultrasonics and magnetic Barkhausen emission techniques for characterization of microstructures and residual stresses have been discussed. Applications of acoustic emission and infrared thermography techniques for weld quality evaluation of critical nuclear components as part of intelligent processing of materials (IPM) work have been discussed. Application of acoustic emission technique for integrity assessment of pressurized components has been discussed. Development of a software called assets and infrastructure management system (AIMS), for storing and retrieving information for various materials, components and systems, has also been highlighted. The techniques and applications discussed are result of systematic and innovative R&D efforts in the multidisciplinary areas of physics, materials, instrumentation, sensors and softwares for providing solutions to various challenging problems.     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis to predict the effects of SAW process parameters on temperature distribution and angular distortions in single-pass butt joints with top and bottom reinforcements

Achieving adequate top and bottom reinforcement is important to minimize angular distortions in single-pass submerged arc welded (SAW) butt joints. This is achieved in the present work by using a reusable flux-filled backing strip and proper SAW process parameters without resorting to costly distortion mitigation techniques. The butt joints were made without edge (square butts) preparation. The process was also modeled by using three-dimensional finite element analysis by incorporating the top and bottom reinforcements into the modeling. Filler material deposition was also simulated. Temperature distributions and angular distortions obtained from the modeling closely matched with the experimental values. Thus, the cost effective experimental methodology established in the present work can be utilized for minimizing angular distortions in SAW square butts. The modeling methodology adopted can be used for predicting the angular distortions in SAW square butts with top and bottom reinforcements.