超快平面显微成像技术

快速成像技术在很多领域都有着重要的应用,本文基于超短光脉冲的时-空-频映射原理,提出并实现了一种超快平面显微成像技术。利用色散傅里叶变换及空间色散器件把光脉冲的宽带频谱信息分别映射到时域和空域,利用高速光电探测器进行串行单像素成像,最终获得了帧速率为20.9 MHz,空间分辨率为22 μm和55 μm的一维及二维平面成像系统。在实验中用标准的分辨率目标板验证了成像效果。该技术为超快成像提供了一种有效手段,并将应用于高速平面检测等多个领域。     

Are quantum dots ready for in vivo imaging in human subjects?

Nanotechnology has the potential to profoundly transform the nature of cancer diagnosis and cancer patient management in the future. Over the past decade, quantum dots (QDs) have become one of the fastest growing areas of research in nanotechnology. QDs are fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles suitable for multiplexed in vitro and in vivo imaging. Numerous studies on QDs have resulted in major advancements in QD surface modification, coating, biocompatibility, sensitivity, multiplexing, targeting specificity, as well as important findings regarding toxicity and applicability. For in vitro applications, QDs can be used in place of traditional organic fluorescent dyes in virtually any system, outperforming organic dyes in the majority of cases. In vivo targeted tumor imaging with biocompatible QDs has recently become possible in mouse models. With new advances in QD technology such as bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, synthesis of smaller size non-Cd based QDs, improved surface coating and conjugation, and multifunctional probes for multimodality imaging, it is likely that human applications of QDs will soon be possible in a clinical setting.     

Structure-activity relationship observations for European corn borer moth pheromone and fluoro analogs via computer molecular modeling

Structure-activity relationship (SAR) observations were made for theZ-type European corn borer moth pheromone, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, and a series of analogs with fluorination in the alcohol portion of the molecule. The attractiveness of these analogs and the pheromone was compared to the electrostatic potential map of the molecular mechanics (MM) minimized lowest energy conformation for each compound. A critical range of electrostatic potential on the protons of the double-bond appears to be essential for optimal acceptor fit and attractiveness.     

Mechanism of paper wet strength development by polycarboxylic acids with different molecular weight and glutaraldehyde/poly(vinyl alcohol)

In our previous research, we found that crosslinking paper using poly(carboxylic acid)s with different molecular weight or using the combination of glutaraldehyde and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) significantly improved the wet strength of the paper. In this research, we studied the mechanism of paper wet strength development using crosslinking systems with different molecular weight by measuring scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images, wet strength, folding endurance, wet thickness, water retention, and Z‐direction tensile strength of the treated paper. The paper crosslinked by a high‐molecular weight (MW) poly(carboxylic acid) shows more swelling by water than that crosslinked by a low‐MW polycarboxylic acid in the SEM micrographs even though both treated paper samples have similar wet strength. Thus, the data suggest that high‐MW poly(carboxylic acid)s promote the formation of interfiber crosslinking. Crosslinking paper by glutaraldehyde, a crosslinking agent of small molecular size, improves wet strength and reduces flexibility and swellability of paper because of the formation of intrafiber crosslinking. Combining glutaraldehyde with PVA as a coreactant increases wet strength and also retains flexibility and swellability of the treated paper because of the formation of interfiber crosslinking. The hypothesis that PVA reacts with glutaraldehyde to form a polymeric pentanedialated‐PVA crosslinking system and promotes the formation of interfiber crosslinking on the paper is supported by the data of wet strength, folding endurance, wet thickness, water retention, and Z‐direction tensile strength of the treated paper. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 277–284, 2006     

3D fingerprint reconstruction system using feature correspondences and prior estimated finger model

The paper studies a 3D fingerprint reconstruction technique based on multi-view touchless fingerprint images. This technique offers a solution for 3D fingerprint image generation and application when only multi-view 2D images are available. However, the difficulties and stresses of 3D fingerprint reconstruction are the establishment of feature correspondences based on 2D touchless fingerprint images and the estimation of the finger shape model. In this paper, several popular used features, such as scale invariant feature transformation (SIFT) feature, ridge feature and minutiae, are employed for correspondences establishment. To extract these fingerprint features accurately, an improved fingerprint enhancement method has been proposed by polishing orientation and ridge frequency maps according to the characteristics of 2D touchless fingerprint images. Therefore, correspondences can be established by adopting hierarchical fingerprint matching approaches. Through an analysis of 440 3D point cloud finger data (220 fingers, 2 pictures each) collected by a 3D scanning technique, i.e., the structured light illumination (SLI) method, the finger shape model is estimated. It is found that the binary quadratic function is more suitable for the finger shape model than the other mixed model tested in this paper. In our experiments, the reconstruction accuracy is illustrated by constructing a cylinder. Furthermore, results obtained from different fingerprint feature correspondences are analyzed and compared to show which features are more suitable for 3D fingerprint images generation.     

Study of needle penetration speeds on frictional properties of nonwoven webs: A new approach

H1 technology needlepunching machinery is one of the recent developments in the needleloom technology. H1 technology needlepunching nonwoven machinery has been effectively utilized to develop a set of nonwoven substrates at different punching rates. The effect of needlepunching speeds on the frictional properties of H1 technology polyester nonwoven webs is reported in this article. The frictional properties of nonwoven webs have been characterized using a simple normalized friction factor. In addition, the surfaces of the nonwoven substrates were scanned using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that for the three different penetration rates studied there seems to be a marginal difference in the frictional properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3626–3631, 2003     

Euclidean Distance Mapping for computing microstructural gradients at interfaces in composite materials

This paper presents an image analysis procedure using Euclidean Distance Mapping to compute microstructural gradients at interfaces in composite materials. This method is capable of producing phase distribution plots at single pixel strip width very quickly and efficiently. Compared to conventional dilation-subtraction strip analysis, the new method is faster, more flexible and is not constrained by feature geometry and boundary conditions. This allows for truly random and unbiased sampling. The new method was applied to investigate microstructural gradients at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of an ordinary Portland cement concrete. The average results show strong gradients in anhydrous cement and detectable porosity at the ITZ, but this is highly variable from location to location. The overall ITZ characteristics depend on the amount of calcium hydroxide deposited on aggregate particles. The new method was able to measure the effect of these calcium hydroxide deposits on the porosity gradient, which has not been reported before.     

受限波兹曼机联合稀疏近似的脑功能检测模型

人脑功能连通性检测是神经科学研究的重要技术．使用受限制波兹曼机（RestrictedBoltzmannMachine,RBM）对大量多被试功能磁共振（functionalMagneticResonanceImaging,fMRI）数据进行建模可以检测人脑功能连接,但是不能有效检测单被试数据的功能连接．本文研究一种新颖的融合了稀疏近似与RBM技术的脑功能连通性检测模型,该模型充分利用fMRI数据的稀疏性,采用稀疏近似理论对fMRI数据进行空间域稀疏近似压缩,然后使用RBM建立模型,以检测脑功能连通性．实验结果表明,该融合模型可以有效地提取单被试数据的脑功能时间域混合模型及其相应的脑功能图谱,解决了RBM在单被试数据分析上的瓶颈．     

基于超声成像技术的套管损伤检测系统设计

工业的发展越来越依赖石油和天然气,合理高效的开采、及时对油气井生产的套管损伤状况检测至关重要.为了解决这个间题,本文提出基于超声成像技术实现套管损伤程度的检测.首先,阐述超声波成像技术基本原理,再对成像检测系统进行总体设计,包括硬件电路设计和软件系统设计.其中,系统软件设计中,利用MATLAB软件仿真实现对被检测超声波回波信号的模拟呈现,能从成像图上观测到套管的各个损伤部位坐标和损伤程度,这样有利于更加直观、清晰分析套管损伤性质,有效地缩短了设计周期,使检测系统结构趋于合理,符合工程实用.