Counter-gradient transport in the combustion of a premixed CH4/air annular jet by combined PIV/OH-LIF

A combination of PIV/OH laser induced fluorescence technique is used to measure the conditional - burned and unburned - gas velocity in a turbulent premixed CH₄/air annular bluff-body stabilized burner. By changing the equivalence ratio from lean to almost stoichiometric, the energy budget of the recirculating region anchoring the flame is altered in such a way to increasingly lift the flame away from the jet exit. The overall turbulence intensity interacting with each flame is thus systematically varied in a significant range, allowing for a parametric study of its effect on turbulent scalar transport under well controlled conditions, always well within the flamelet regime. The component of the flux normal to the average front is found to reverse its direction, confirming the Bray number as a good indicator of gradient/counter-gradient behavior, once the actual incoming turbulence level felt locally by the flame is assumed as the proper control parameter.     

An improved mixing model providing joint statistics of scalar and scalar dissipation

For the calculation of nonpremixed turbulent flames with thin reaction zones the joint probability density function (PDF) of the mixture fraction and its dissipation rate plays an important role. The corresponding PDF transport equation involves a mixing model for the closure of the molecular mixing term. Here, the parameterized scalar profile (PSP) mixing model is extended to provide the required joint statistics. Model predictions are validated using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of a passive scalar mixing in a statistically homogeneous turbulent flow. Comparisons between the DNS and the model predictions are provided, which involve different initial scalar-field lengthscales.     

Reliable detection and separation of components for solid objects defined with scalar fields

The detection of the number of disjoint components is a well-known procedure for surface objects. However, this problem has not been solved for solid models defined with scalar fields in the so-called implicit form. In this paper, we present a technique which allows for detection of the number of disjoint components with a predefined tolerance for an object defined with a single scalar function. The core of the technique is a reliable continuation of the spatial enumeration based on the interval methods. We also present several methods for separation of components using set-theoretic operations for further handling these components individually in a solid modelling system dealing with objects defined with scalar fields.     

General IF-sets with triangular norms and their applications to group decision making

A concept of general IF-sets, i.e. “intuitionistic” fuzzy sets according to Atanassov, with triangular norm-based hesitation degrees is introduced and developed. That concept is used to construct flexible algorithms of group decision making which involve relative scalar cardinalities defined by means of generalized sigma counts of fuzzy sets. Two cases of group decisions, based on individual or social fuzzy preference relations, are considered.     

一种阶梯状筒形件成形工艺的设计

针对某些用常规的冲压工艺无法成形的阶梯状筒形件,介绍了一种多次成形工艺,即在筒形件底部预拉深成形一个轮廓简单易成形的外形,使得这部分的面积大体接近所需零件底部的总面积,然后对其进行面积重整以获得最终所需的形状和尺寸。以汽车低温起动器外壳冲压工艺方案的制定为例,较具体地介绍了这种方法的应用及应注意的问题。     

On the large eddy simulation of high prandtl number scalar transport using dynamic subgrid-scale model

The present study investigates passive scalar transport using an eddy viscosity/diffusivity model in turbulent channel flow with Prandtl number range 1-10. Dynamic subgrid-scale model (DSM) was applied to the transport equation for passive scalar to determine the eddy diffusivity dynamically. To assess the feasibility of the DSM model applied for passive scalar,a priori test on direct numerical simulation data was conducted and the results are compared with those obtained from a large eddy simulation that uses DSM modela posteriori. As the Prandtl number increases, the discrepancy in subgrid-scale (SGS) heat flux amplifies but the shape of SGS temperature dissipation profiles shows reasonable agreement. This suggests that energy transfer between resolved and subgrid-scales are reasonably predicted regardless of the accuracy in SGS heat flux vectors. Whilea priori test shows that SGS turbulent Prandtl number changes significantly with Prandtl number, the actual LES results are found to be insensitive to Prandtl number away from the wall. Thus, the DSM model has some limitations in the prediction of high Prandtl number flows.     

平面电磁波理想金属表面散射场分布及粗糙度参数关系的理论分析

在散射表面的均方根起伏小于入射电磁波长条件下,借用标量理论之正弦光栅衍射场分布结果,分析了不同粗糙度参量条件下,矢量微扰理论二级以上微扰项带来的偏差;并定性分析了由散射场微分角分布的测量,计算随机分布散射表面粗糙度参数的可信度。     

磁流变抛光中的磁场与磁流变液缎带成型分析

利用标量磁位对磁流变抛光中的磁场进行了分析计算,并根据磁偶极子在磁场空间受力的模型,对磁流变液中的磁性微粉颗粒的受力进行理论推导,进一步分析磁流变液形成单一稳定缎带凸起的条件。理论分析经过试验验证,证明分析是正确的。