基于隐枚举法的快速分级切负荷优化方法

目前稳控装置广泛采用的穷举法已经很难满足快速、精准切负荷的要求。为了高效地求解切负荷优化问题,为紧急决策争取更多时间,提出了基于隐枚举法的快速分级切负荷优化方法。该方法协调低频和低压切负荷动作轮次,建立切负荷优化模型,通过制定合适的搜索策略和剪枝策略,仅在可行解范围内进行寻优,大大提高了计算最优解的效率。切负荷算例结果表明同等条件下该方法可以节约至少50%以上的计算时间,实现了稳控装置的快速切负荷,保证了紧急情况下电网的安全稳定运行。     

基于隐枚举法的稳定控制优化切机方法

由于电网规模的迅速发展,故障紧急情况下稳定控制系统切机对象数目的增加,传统基于穷举法的优化切机方法已经不能满足大规模电网稳定控制系统快速切机的要求。为了提高优化切机问题的求解效率,文中提出了基于隐枚举法的优化切机方法。该方法根据优化切机问题的特点制定剪枝策略,能够有效减少枚举过程中需要计算的切机组合数,从而提高了计算效率。切机实例的计算和实际装置的仿真结果表明,文中所述方法能够减少约70%的优化计算时间,实现稳定控制系统的快速切机。     

配网动态重构的静态解法

提出一种解决配网动态重构问题的静态方法。该法不仅求解简单,而且能充分利用现有的静态方法来实现时变系统的动态重构。首先,文章对静态重构的目标函数进行改进,使其能够求解一个时间区间内的最优结构。然后在整个时间区间内用枚举法确定最优的重构时间,完成区间内的一次动态重构。最后用逐次逼近法来调整各次重构的时间和结构,实现区间内的多次优化。在修改过的IEEE 33节点上验证了所提方法的正确有效性。     

基于分解协调算法的互联电力系统状态估计

提出了基于分解协调算法求解多区域互联系统的状态估计算法。互联系统计算中心根据虚拟节点两端子系统状态估计所得功率残差加权平均值计算各子系统虚拟节点注入功率的变化量,各子系统节点状态量通过注入功率和功率估计值对节点状态量的灵敏度矩阵修正子系统状态估计结果,得到互联系统的状态估计解。仿真计算结果说明,分布式状态估计算法计算准确、速度快,且在互联系统计算中心无法获得部分子系统数据的情况下,能够最大限度地准确计算出互联系统的部分可观测结果。     

综合考虑可靠性和经济性的配电终端优化配置研究

配电终端的配置数量和位置对配网供电的可靠性和经济性有重要影响,合理配置配电终端有利于推动配电自动化的经济高效建设。为了在保证供电可靠性的前提下,解决因配网盲目配置"三遥"终端而导致配电自动化投资居高不下的问题,介绍了一种综合考虑可靠性和经济性的配电终端优化配置方法。该方法建立了一个以综合费用最低为目标的配电自动化终端优化配置数学模型,并采用隐枚举法进行求解。将该方法应用于一个架空多分段单联络电网实例,结果验证了其正确性和实用性。     

瑞利衰落信道下的自适应编码调制技术

自适应编码调制技术(adaptive coded modulation,ACM)是一种适用于卫星等无线信道的传输技术,它建立在信道估计的基础之上,通过反向信道将信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)传送给发送端,使其根据不同的信噪比自适应地改变编码方式和调制方式,从而在不降低误码率(bit error rate,BRE)的条件下,提高信道的频谱利用率(spectral efficiency,SE);介绍了自适应编码调制技术的基本理论;给出了信道估计的方法;分析了其SE性能,仿真了一个基于格码调制(trellis coded modulation,TCM)的ACM系统。     

Porous ceramics with tailored pore size and morphology as substrates for coral larval settlement

The growing demand for stony corals as ornamental aquarium animals requires defined aquacultural breeding strategies. For the sexual propagation of corals, material substrates are needed, that attract larvae and support their settlement and development. In this study, five types of highly porous ceramic materials were developed following the example of coral skeleton. The applicability of these settlement substrates was tested using larvae of the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis. Partial sintering of pressed clay pellets, freeze casting of clay and alumina-mullite based slurries and direct foaming of high alkane phase emulsified suspensions (HAPES) using alumina were employed. By the addition of mm-sized spherical polystyrene beads as sacrificial templates during freeze casting (alumina-mullite), superficial pores in the size of the larvae were created. The inorganic substrates featured open porosities between 35% (pressed clay) and 83% (foamed alumina), pore sizes ranging from nm to mm-scale and pore morphologies dominated by interparticle porosity (pressed), lamellar pores (freeze casting) and cellular pore types (direct foaming). The ceramic substrates were incubated in artificial sea water for 3 months to induce necessary biofilm formation and algae growth. Afterwards, individual substrates were exposed to 5 coral larvae, and their settlement behavior was monitored over 14 days. At the end of this period, all ceramic materials were successfully accepted as settlement substrates, with a mean settlement rate of 46.2%, and no significant differences between the substrate types. On samples with large surface superficial pores, a significantly reduced survival of settled larvae (79%) compared to the other porous materials (93–98%) was determined, suggesting a non-ideal surface topography. While alumina foam samples (HAPES) exhibit the most promising results in terms of settlement and survival of larvae, clay-based substrates provide a more economic solution for the sexual propagation of corals in aquaculture.     

The P-graph approach for systematic synthesis of wastewater treatment networks

Wastewater treatment consists of three or four sequential stages: preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary. Each stage can comprise multiple alternative technologies that can perform the same tasks with different efficiencies, operating times, and costs. Thus, we propose a systematic approach for designing wastewater treatment networks by utilizing principles of mathematical modeling and generating an exhaustive enumeration of all the possible technologies and their connections during the early stages of designing a treatment facility. Some of these structures are nonintuitive and include recycling, reprocessing, bypasses, and multiple technologies in parallel or series to remove the same contaminant. The nonintuitive structures with multiple technologies may provide a measure of resilience compared to typical heuristic designs. Thus, the combination of P-graph methodology and the sequence of treatment technologies predicted via the optimization algorithm from the maximal structure is based on holistic considerations and does not lead to suboptimal solutions.     

Biomass Recovery Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Quantification Following UV Disinfection

A biomass recovery method was developed to monitor UV disinfection efficacy using adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Typically, disinfection monitoring at wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) involves quantifying fecal and total coliforms or colony forming units, the results of which take a minimum of 24 h to produce. ATP quantification immediately before and after UV treatment, which takes only minutes, shows little reduction and often an increase in the microbial population since UV irradiation results in cells that are viable (i.e., still producing ATP) but not culturable. To overcome this, our biomass recovery method incorporates an incubation step to encourage life cycling of microbes. Average log reductions in cellular ATP (cATP) were found to be ?0.28 ± 0.19, ?0.011 ± 0.153, ?0.17 ± 0.32, and 0.065 ± 0.074 using direct ATP measurements on UV-treated samples from WWTFs A, B, C, and D, respectively, while those using the recovery method were correspondingly 0.17 ± 0.34, 1.8 ± 0.8, 0.20 ± 0.35, and 0.72 ± 0.26. The response of the biomass recovery-ATP method indicated a significant direct correlation to the microbial population reduction observed in heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and Colilert® methods using both pure Escherichia coli culture and secondary municipal wastewater effluent.     

超临界CO2流体萃取与常规提取方法制备芹菜籽精油的比较

应用超临界CO2流体萃取(SFE-CO2)、同步水蒸气蒸馏-溶剂萃取(SDE)和有机溶剂提取(SE)方法提取芹菜籽中的香味成分,对不同提取方法制备的芹菜籽精油进行了得率、制备工艺、闻香评价、化学组成和卷烟加香应用效果等方面的对比研究。结果表明:SFE-CO2方法萃取的芹菜籽油得率(11 15%)接近SE方法得率(12 80%),远高于SDE方法得率(0 6%);从中鉴定出21种主要挥发性香气成分,占挥发油的92 98%。它们是瑟丹内酯、4,11 桉叶二烯、柠檬烯、1 (4 乙苯基)乙基酮、β 石竹烯、月桂烯、β 蒎烯、反 对 薄荷 2,8 二烯 1 醇、氧代石竹烯、罗勒烯、乙基芳樟醇、乙酸己酯、柠檬烯氧化物、反 香芹醇、顺 香芹醇、反 乙酸松香芹酯、反 乙酸香芹酯、α 石竹烯、β 芹子烯、β 榄香烯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。评香和卷烟应用实验显示:SFE-CO2萃取芹菜籽油的香气更自然浓郁,在卷烟中的应用效果优于SDE和SE方法制备的提取物,能有效改善卷烟吸味。