P2P网络中被动型蠕虫传播与免疫建模

鉴于被动型蠕虫的危害性,对被动型蠕虫进行了深入分析,进而基于平均场法建立了被动型蠕虫的传播模型和免疫模型.基于传播模型和流行病传播学理论推导出进入无蠕虫平衡状态的充分条件,仿真实验证明了该充分条件的正确性.另外,仿真实验还表明,下载率和恢复率是控制蠕虫传播的两个可控的关键参数.在免疫软件被编制出来前,降低下载率和提高恢复率能有效控制被动型蠕虫的传播.     

Numerical simulation and performance assessment of a low capacity solar assisted absorption heat pump coupled with a sub-floor system

A prototype low capacity (10 kW) single stage Li–Br absorption heat pump (AHP), suitable for residential and small building applications has been developed as a collaborative result between various European research institutes and industries. The primary heat source for the AHP is supplied from flat plate solar collectors and the hot/chilled water from the unit is delivered to a floor heating/cooling system. In this paper we present the simulation results and an overview of the performance assessment of the complete system. The calculations were performed for two building types (high and low thermal mass), three climatic conditions, with different types of solar collectors and hot water storage tank sizes and different control systems for the operation of the installation. The simulations were performed using the thermal simulation code TRNSYS. The estimated energy savings against a conventional cooling system using a compression type heat pump was found to be in the range of 20–27%.     

Density Variation in the Ultrathin Liquid Perfluoropolyether Films on Solid Surfaces

Variation of density in the ultrathin liquid perfluoropolyether films on solid surfaces has been studied by Monte Carlo simulations of Lennard-Jones systems. The liquid film is 8.75 nm thin film consisting of polymer molecules assuming the structure of perfluoropolyether Z having molecular weights of 3840, 2500 and 1700 g/mol and interacting among themselves by Lennard-Jones potential. The substrate is assumed to be continuous without atomic structure and exerting Lennard-Jones potential on liquid molecules in the ultrathin film. The system temperature is considered to be 25 °C and the liquid molecules also have the gravitational potential. It is found that the bead density decreases towards the surface in a thinner sublayer in the ultrathin liquid film above the surface and the thickness of this sublayer just above the surface may increase with the increase of molecular weight of the of polymers in the film. Repulsive potential of the surface further decreases the bead density near the surface. The results are compared with the experimental results of the pefluoropolyether lurbricants by X-ray reflectivity (Shouji, et al., 1998).     

粗粒土大型直剪试验的二维离散元模拟

通过一组强风化玄武岩粗粒土的室内大型直剪试验,获取其强度、变形等宏观参数。并基于颗粒离散元软件PFC2D,采用圆盘模拟土颗粒建立了考虑级配的二维直剪模型,结果表明：黏结半径因子为0．39时,剪应力一剪位移模拟值与试验值相符较好,垂直位移一剪位移模拟值与试验值之间存在一定的偏差;通过参数校正发现圆盘间摩擦系数随着垂直压力增加而增大,其值介于0．15—0．60;剪切过程造成了接触压力的偏转和集中,剪切缝附近圆盘呈不规则的涡状细观运动。     

连拱隧道施工力学的三维数值分析

结合某夹心连拱隧道的工程地质条件和变截面中墙结构设计特点,采用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟隧道动态开挖的全过程,分析了隧道围岩和支护结构的稳定性,结果表明,随着曲中墙截面厚度的增大,其应力逐渐减小。数值分析对隧道的设计和施工具有一定的指导性,研究成果在类似的隧道中可得到应用。     

Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of gas diffusion and solubility in rubbery amorphous hydrocarbon polymers

Diffusion coefficients D of H₂, He, O₂, N₂, and CO₂ in different rubbery amorphous polymeric matrices were estimated by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations at 298 K using the Einstein relationship, and compared with the relevant experimental values, where available. The simulated diffusion coefficients D of all the gases in all polymers considered almost regularly decreased with increasing molecular gas volumes and increasing polymer glass transition temperature. Further, solubility coefficients and heats of solution were obtained for all gases from Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations, which were also used to calculate sorption isotherms. In general, there is a good agreement between experimental and simulated values of diffusion and solubility coefficients for all gases considered.     

Atomic ordering in nano-layered FePt

Monte Carlo simulation of chemical ordering kinetics in nano-layered L1₀ AB binary intermetallics was performed. The study addressed FePt thin layers considered as a material for ultra-high-density magnetic storage media and revealed metastability of the L1₀ c-variant superstructure with monoatomic planes parallel to the surface and off-plane easy magnetization. The layers, originally perfectly ordered in a c-variant of the L1₀ superstructure, showed homogeneous disordering running in parallel with a spontaneous re-orientation of the monoatomic planes leading to a mosaic microstructure composed of a- and b-L1₀-variant domains. The domains nucleated heterogeneously on the surface of the layer and grew discontinuously inwards its volume. Finally, the domains relaxed towards an equilibrium microstructure of the system. Two “atomistic-scale” processes: (i) homogeneous disordering and (ii) nucleation of the a- and b-L1₀-variant domains showed characteristic time scales. The same was observed for the domain microstructure relaxation. The discontinuous domain growth showed no definite driving force and proceeded due to thermal fluctuations. The above complex structural evolution has recently been observed experimentally in epitaxially deposited thin films of FePt.     

Synthesis of star polymers by “core-first” one–pot method via ATRP: Monte Carlo simulations

Results of the simulation of star polymers synthesis by one–pot, core–first method are presented. The simulated ideal living polymerization process consists of two steps. In the first one (core growth) an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of a crosslinker is performed. When the crosslinker conversion is close to completion, a bifunctional monomer is added and the ATRP polymerization of the monomer takes place from the obtained cores to form linear arms of the stars. The simulation method is based on dynamic lattice liquid (DLL) algorithm, which takes into account changes of local dynamics resulting from polymerization and formation of complex polymer molecules. In the first stage of the synthesis (core formation), in addition to the effect of concentrations of initiator and crosslinker, the rate of intramolecular crosslinking is also very important. This process “consumes” the reactive crosslinker in the cores, limiting the core size and preventing further star–star coupling. The effect of various parameters on star size and internal structure was studied. These parameters involve the rate of intramolecular crosslinking, initial concentrations of the components and the moment of monomer addition. The results can be used as guidelines for the experimental work on star synthesis.     

Hybrid Cooling Towers in a Free‐Cooling Application: Modeling and Field Measurement Verification

The energy‐saving potential of free cooling in chilled‐water systems was investigated. As a preliminary study, simulation was used to quantify the performance of free cooling in a given reference system. To reduce the computational effort for the simulation of long time periods, simplified models for dry and evaporative cooling were developed. The simulation results indicate that free cooling reduces the electric energy demand for cold supply almost by half. In a follow‐up investigation, free cooling was implemented in the reference system. The actual energy savings showed good agreement with the simulation forecasts and confirmed the feasibility of the concept.     

混合系统在matlab环境下的建模和仿真

混合系统是集连续动态系统和离散事件为一体的复杂动态系统,是近年来控制理论研究领域的热门课题.由于混合系统既含连续变量义含离散事件,给处理这类系统带来了复杂性.一般混合系统建立模方法有:混合自动机,混合petri,时段演算及其扩展等模型.在概述混合系统概念与特点的基础上,介绍了混合系统研究中的建模与仿真问题.结合超市冰柜系统用混合自动机建模,并用MATLAB中的SIMULINK和STATEFLOW进行仿真.仿真结果表明效果很好,为系统分析和设计提供了有力的工具.