T型连接井交汇水流数值模拟

A numerical simulation is made on Wangqingtuo T-junction Chamber, the confluence in the downstream junction chamber without outlet is analyzed, and then the impact of the direction of the inflow from reservoir on the flow pattern in the downstream triple-hole box culvert and the position of the full-uniform flow through the downstream cross-section is estimated as well. The study result can provide a reference for the similar project concerned.     

基于CFD的新型结构静压油垫数值仿真技术

为了提高重载数控机床静压转台的承载能力和油膜刚度,提出了一种具有多环形流道油腔和阻尼型封油边结构的新型静压油垫,并对其性能进行了研究.在对静压油垫结构优化设计的基础上,利用CFD(computationalfluid dynamics)数值仿真技术,采用二维轴对称流动模型对新型结构静压油垫的流场特性进行了仿真分析,得到了新型静压油垫的内部流场特性,计算出油垫的承载能力和油膜刚度,并与单腔体、单平面封油边结构的静压油垫进行了对比.研究表明:新型静压油垫能通过在阻尼流道和阻尼槽内形成紊流,增加流动液阻,实现压力增益,并可在阻尼槽处产生局部静压效应,从而使新型结构静压油垫的承载能力和油膜刚度较传统结构静压油垫有所提高;此外,采用CFD技术有助于对复杂结构的静压油垫进行优化设计与性能计算,从而提高设计效率和计算准确性.     

轴承腔两相流动流型特征参数及鲁棒性分析

航空发动机轴承腔的润滑设计和换热分析依赖于对轴承腔中润滑介质两相流动特性的理解,依据流型进行轴承腔油气两相介质流动研究是获取流动特性的有效途径。针对通过试验判断油气两相介质流动形式的需要,结合数值分析和试验数据,在辨识能力和试验获取等方面的考虑前提下,提出了辨识航空发动机轴承腔中均相流动与含油滴气/液分层流动两种主要油气两相流型的特征参数——体积含油率和无量纲速度,探讨了两个特征参数在较宽工况范围内保持流型辨识能力的鲁棒性。研究工作对于借助于试验判断油气两相流型,从而可以在严谨理论指导下基于流型进行航空发动机轴承腔润滑介质两相流动特性分析,实现准确高效的润滑设计和换热分析的设计路线实施是很有意义的工作。     

Performance of Sewage Sludge Treatment and Electricity Generation by Different Configuration Microbial Fuel Cells

This paper compared the degradation efficiency of sludge organic matters and electric-production by two typical microbial fuel cells——dual-chamber microbial fuel cell(DMFC)and single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell(SAMFC),and the variations of sludge protein,polysaccharide and ammonia nitrogen within the systems were also investigated.The results showed that the concentration of sludge soluble chemical oxygen demand,protein and carbohydrate of DMFC are higher than these of SAMFC during the systems operation,while DMFC can achieve a better ammonia nitrogen removal than SAMFC.Under the same operation condition,the stable voltage output of DMFC and SAMFC is 0.61 V and 0.37 V;the maximum power density of DMFC and SAMFC is 2.79 W/m3and 1.25 W/m3;TCOD removal efficiency of DMFC and SAMFC is 34.14%and 28.63%for 12 d,respectively.Meanwhile,DMFC has a higher coulomb efficiency than SAMFC,but both are less than5%.The results showed that DMFC present a better performance on sludge degradation and electric-production.     

承压式溢流井淤积实验研究

为研究承压式溢流井的淤积规律,通过模型实验实测了井底面速度分布,并据此计算出相应的床面切应力。根据相似准则进行泥沙沉积实验,得到不同工况下的泥沙沉积分布。结果显示,溢流井内流场在恒定流工况时由一对大致对称的椭圆形涡流组成,而且涡流周围区域的紊动能及切应力均较大,其冲刷力亦较强,泥沙难以沉积下来。涡流中心和四周角落区域的切应力及冲刷力较小,有大量泥沙沉积。分析比较泥沙沉积位置与切应力分布,即可估计出模型沙的临界切应力值为0.05～0.07N/m2。     

汽包水位温压补偿控制系统研究和应用

对汽包双室平衡容器水位温压补偿控制系统进行了探讨和研究,根据温压补偿模型,分析了P L C系统难以独立实现的原因以及查表法的缺陷,提出了P L C系统与上位机系统相结合的水位温压实时连续补偿的综合控制策略,提出并分析比较了三种体系结构及其实现原理和技术,工程应用结果表明该控制系统提高了水位控制的实时性、稳定性、准确性和安全性。     

日本真空断路器的发展与现状

由于真空断路器具有开断大电流、体积小、成本低等许多优点，势必取得越来越广泛的应用。介绍了真空断路器在日本的发展，叙述了其发展的成果以及21世纪工程发展的主题，包括：物资的回收。人类的安全及真空断路器的无火灾等特点。展现了日本真空断路器的发展趋势及目前的应用。     

气相色谱法测定卷烟烟气中烟碱的影响因素

为提高气相色谱法测定卷烟烟气中烟碱含量的准确性,依据行业标准YC/T156-2001对各种影响因素进行了考察,发现标准品配置方法、纯度是主要影响因素。根据试验结果,确定了用直接称重法制作标准工作曲线,采用校正标样的气相色谱法测定卷烟烟气中的烟碱。结果表明,改进后方法的准确度高、检测结果稳定,监测卷烟的测定结果与标定值基本一致。     

用于KM6载人航天器空间环境模拟器氦制冷机的系统设计

描述了用于KM6载人航天器空间环境模拟器氦制冷机的系统设计。介绍了制冷循环和纯化方法的选择、系统参数的确定、制冷循环流程图和系统的主要特点。制冷机采用并联的气体润滑透平膨胀机，其设计制冷量为600W(20K)。采用了液氮预冷的布雷顿循环和低温吸附内纯化器。     

Pressurised chamber design for conducting rolling contact experiments with liquid refrigerant lubrication

A novel pressurised chamber was designed to construct a special purpose test rig to achieve saturated liquid state of refrigerants for lubricated rolling contact fatigue experiments. Traditional bench testing using refrigerants as the lubricant is difficult due to the gaseous phase at standard atmospheric conditions. Pressurising the concentrated contact test chamber is therefore necessary to evaluate at a liquid state and therefore simulate practical applications. The gas/liquid phase transitions have a significant influence on the lubricant properties and hence wear mechanisms. It is necessary to modify the wear test conditions for the Hydrocarbon (HC) and Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants to obtain realistic simulation of refrigerator compressor tests. The chamber design and test rig are described in this paper. A preliminary experimental study of the influence of the HC (R600a) on rolling wear of the silicon nitride (Si₃N₄)/steel elements using the pressurised chamber is presented. Rolling fatigue test methods are adopted to measure the wear performance of silicon nitride/steel bearing materials. In this case the rolling wear mechanisms of Si₃N₄ were measured using R600a refrigerant lubrication.