Occurrence of biogenic amine-forming lactic acid bacteria in wine and cider

A collection of 810 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from wine and cider was screened for potential biogenic amine (BA) producers by combining molecular and phenotypic approaches. A newly developed multiplex PCR method allowed for the simultaneous detection of four genes involved in the production of histamine (histidine decarboxylase, hdc), tyramine (tyrosine decarboxylase, tyrdc) and putrescine (via either ornithine decarboxylase, odc, or agmatine deiminase, agdi) while TLC and HPLC analysis allowed for BA-production determination. One hundred and fifty-eight LAB strains were monitored by the molecular/phenotypic double approach and revealed a good correlation between genotypic and phenotypic data. Eighteen per cent of the tested strains were positive for at least one BA target gene with up to three detected simultaneously, in particular amongst Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus hilgardii isolates for the tyrdc and agdi genes. The most frequent gene corresponded to the agdi gene detected in 112 strains (14% of all LAB strains) of 10 different LAB species. The tyrdc gene was detected in 67 strains represented by 7 different LAB species (8% overall), especially those isolated from wine. Lower levels of hdc⁺ (2% of strains) and especially odc⁺ (0.5% of strains) strains were observed. Interestingly, species that have never been described to carry BA-producing pathway genes were identified in this study. Furthermore, only one cadaverine-producer was detected and corresponded to Lactobacillus 30a, a collection strain not found in fermented beverages, although cadaverine is commonly detected in wines.     

液压系统远程在线状态监测

通过对液压系统温度、油压和流量3种实时信号进行采集、控制和远程发送接收,并设计上位机软件用于监测液压系统的在线状态,为液压系统的远程在线监测提供了一种新的方法。该方法的推广将进一步扩大液压系统在线监测的应用范围,完善液压系统远程在线监测的手段,有力地提高液压系统的远程智能化监测水平。     

家用电热水器控制系统的实验研究

基于单片机AT89C52电热水器控制系统,该系统的功能是对电热水器进行温度采集与显示、时钟的显示、热水器的开机方式控制等。设计了系统硬件以微控制器为控制核心,由外围温度检测电路、实时时钟电路、键盘、热水器加热开关、LED显示电路、功能指示电路、报警电路等组成。其中温度测量是电热水器控制系统的重要组成部分,主要采用的是Pt1000铂电阻温度传感器进行温度采集。基于单片机控制的电热水器,具有反应灵敏,抗干扰能力强,稳态温度波动小,达到设定的温度时间短,节省电能等要求。     

基于STC89C58数字温度计的设计与实现

介绍一种数字温度计的设计制作方案.通过采用LM94022作为温度传感器芯片,FM1602C液晶显示作为温度显示,TLC2543CN作为ADC采样转换器,STC89C58作为数字温度计控制核心相结合,设计制作了宽量程高精度多功能数字温度计.概述了数字温度计设计思路及总体方案,另外对各单元电路也做了详细分析.该数字温度计不仅分辨率高,还可以设置报警温度上下限,当温度达到高、低限温控制点时发出声光报警.     

基于TLC549的数据采集系统设计

针对数据采集系统在计算机中的实时控制、在线动态测量、对物理过程的监控、以及在图像、语音处理领域的应用,文中以8位串行A／D芯片TLC549为核心,给出了基于TLC549芯片的数据采集系统的设计方案,同时通过EDA实验开发系统对该方案进行了验证。     

侧柏叶挥发油提取工艺及其抑菌活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取侧柏叶挥发油,以减重法测定挥发油质量,并用薄层色谱法及气相色谱法进行成分分析,通过测量侧柏叶挥发油的抑菌圈大小考察其抑菌活性.正交实验确定侧柏叶挥发油的最佳提取工艺条件为:侧柏叶粉碎度20～30目,加6倍量水,浸泡时间12 h,提取时间5 h;侧柏叶挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、四联球菌、大肠杆菌和产气杆菌均有明显的抑制作用,对枯草杆菌的抑菌作用不明显.     

Quinic acid esters and sesquiterpenes from Sonchus arvensis

A phytochemical study on the whole plant of Sonchus arvensis and its antioxidant activity has been carried out. Three quinic acid derivatives (1–3), the rarely naturally occurring (p-hydroxyphenylacetyl) quinic acids, and two eudesmanolides (4 and 5) were newly found. Four known eudesmanolides (6–9) were isolated from the plant for the first time. Their structures were characterized by HRESIMS, IR, UV, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·)-scavenging activity was evaluated for each of the above 9 compounds (1–9) in comparison to standard antioxidants (caffeic acid and ascorbic acid). However, none proved to have a positive activity. The absence of antioxidant activity could be caused by the absence of ortho or para-diphenolic groups in all detected compounds, that are responsible of the activity against free radicals by an electron transfer reaction.     

TLC-SERS法快速筛查猪尿中磺胺类抗生素

采用薄层色谱法(TLC)与表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)联用技术,建立猪尿中磺胺类抗生素残留的快速筛查方法。用阴性猪尿样本模拟阳性样品,以氯仿-乙醇-石油醚(1:1:2)为展开剂,利用TLC将猪尿中的抗生素与猪尿基质初步分离。以785 nm激光为激发波长,金溶胶为表面增强剂,采用SERS技术对分离出的抗生素沉积斑点进行检测。结合密度泛函理论,得到定性定量分析猪尿中磺胺嘧啶分子特征峰877 cm~(-1)和994 cm~(-1)、磺胺二甲嘧啶分子特征峰661 cm~(-1)、磺胺噻唑分子特征峰862 cm~(-1)和1127 cm~(-1)。该方法检测猪尿中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺噻唑的最低检测浓度分别为0.1、0.1、0.2 mg/L。且TLC技术可实现猪尿中混合抗生素的分离,当猪尿中3种混合抗生素点样沉积量为0.01μg时,各抗生素的特征峰均清晰可辨。由此可见,TLC-SERS技术可用于猪尿中混合抗生素残留的快速筛查。     

通便灵片质量标准研究

目的 制定通便灵片的质量标准.方法 采用薄层色谱法鉴别通便灵片中的番泻叶、当归,采用高效液相色谱法测定本品中大黄酸含量.结果 薄层层析可鉴别出番泻叶、当归,大黄酸在0.13～1.17μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率97.08%(RSD=1.91%,n=6).结论 方法简单可控,可有效地控制本品的质量,保证临床疗效...     

减肥类中成药、保健食品、食品中非法添加酚酞、西布曲明等化学成分的快筛检测方法研究

目的建立快筛检测减肥类中成药、保健食品和食品中非法添加酚酞、西布曲明等化学成分的方法。方法用快筛试管法和薄层色谱法检测产品所含的酚酞、西布曲明等化学成分,并通过HPLC-DAD/HPLC-MS确认。结果 103批次产品中42批次检出酚酞,61批次检出西布曲明,其他相关化学成分目前均未检出。结论此方法专属性强、灵敏度高、重现性好,是一种简便快捷、经济实用、准确判断减肥类产品是否非法添加酚酞、西布曲明等化学成分的快筛检测方法,适用于快速鉴别筛查基层大批量产品。