Countering loss of vigilance in sonar watchstanding using signal injection and performance feedback

Sonar operators are confronted with a watchstanding task that demands high levels of vigilance for the appearance of weak or transitory signals. Maintaining vigilance is difficult because of very low target signal rates and an open loop system with (usually) no performance feedback. Four experiments were conducted to see whether operator vigilance, as reflected by target detection latency, could be enhanced through signal injection and performance feedback. In each of these experiments, target detection performance was markedly enhanced. The effects were operationally and statistically significant and generally increased with time on watch. The beneficial effects were shown not to be simply a function of increased signal rate due to signal injection. Analysis using a signal detection theory model showed that the target reporting threshold dropped under the experimental treatment and detection efficiency increased. In addition, it was shown that the subjects spent significantly more time observing the search display with signal injection and feedback. On the negative side, there was a modest increase in false alarms which was judged to be tolerable in view of the marked reduction in target detection times. Most false alarms were quickly recognized and reported as such. These beneficial effects were confirmed in a fifth experiment using trained sonar operators as subjects and prototype displays of an advanced sonar system.     

六盘山盆地烃源岩的地球化学特征及油气勘探潜力

依据六盘山盆地露头和钻测井资料,应用有机地球化学的多种分析方法,对六盘山盆地乃家河—马东山烃源岩进行分析评价,分析表明:乃家河组烃源岩有机含量为0.43％～3.18％,平均值为1.76％,有机质类型以偏腐泥为主,镜质体反射率Ro值为0.52％～0.67％,平均值为0.60％,马东山烃源岩有机质含量为0.73％～3.65％平均值为1.69％,有机质类型以偏腐植型为主,晶质体反射率Ro为0.64％～0.75％,平均值为0.69％.对比可知,马东山组烃源岩的有机质丰富,热演化程度好于乃家河组,但同质类型没有乃家河组好.六盘山具有两套生储组合,白垩系李洼峡组发现不同级别油气显示,有较好的油气成藏条件,油气资源丰富,勘探潜力较好.     

中小山水城市绿地系统塑造城市特色的途径和方法

绿地是形成城市特色的重要组成部分,城市绿地系统与城市自然人文环境相结合是城市特色构建的一个重要方面。中小山水城市绿地系统规划在塑造城市特色方面具有独特的代表性。文章总结了中小山水城市的特色,提出绿地系统塑造城市特色的手法,并且以泾县为例来分析绿地系统塑造中小山水城市特色的手法。首先分析整理城市特色资源,对主要的关键词进行抽取比较,得到主要的城市特色;然后从整体出发为绿地系统定位,通过城市绿地系统结构布局强化城市山水环境;通过绿道体系的构建打造城市特色的展示体系;最后从树种规划的角度出发塑造城市的宣纸之都的城市特色.     

试论井下作业全员成本目标管理体系的构建

江汉油田井下作业处按照全员参与、全面落实、多维管理的原则,事前计划、事中控制和事后分析相统一的原则,PDCA循环体系运转的原则,与全面预算管理互相融合的原则构建了全员成本目标管理体系。全员成本目标管理体系由“指标、执行、监控、考核”四个子体系构成。建立指标体系以明确管理目标;建立执行体系以落实管理指标;建立监控体系以及时发现问题、及时纠偏;建立考核体系以调动、激励员工投身成本管理。通过子体系的有效运行,持续提升成本管理水平。     

Belief rule-based methodology for mapping consumer preferences and setting product targets

Rapid and accurate identification of consumer demands and systematic assessment of product quality are essential to success for new product development, in particular for fast moving consumer goods such as food and drink products. This paper reports an investigation into a belief rule-based (BRB) methodology for quality assessment, target setting and consumer preference prediction in retro-fit design of food and drink products. The BRB methodology can be used to represent the relationships between consumer preferences and product attributes, which are complicated and nonlinear. A BRB system can initially be established using expert knowledge and then optimally trained and validated using data generated from consumer or expert panel assessments or from tests and experiments. The established BRBs can then be used to predict the consumer acceptance of new products or set product target values in retro-fit design. The proposed BRB methodology is applied to the design of a lemonade drink product using real data provided by a sensory product manufacturer in the UK. The results show that the BRB methodology can be used to predict consumer preferences with high accuracy and to set optimal target values for product quality improvement.     

基于分布式约束优化的武器目标分配问题研究

为解决舰艇编队协同防空中的武器目标分配(WTA)问题,提出一种将WTA问题建模为分布式约束优化问题的方法。介绍求解分布式约束优化问题的2个典型算法ADOPT和DPOP。通过Frodo软件平台对舰艇拦截多批反舰导弹过程进行仿真,比较2个算法在仿真时间、通信量等方面的性能,结果证明了该方法求解WTA问题的可行性。     

基于旋转扩展和稀疏表示的鲁棒遥感图像目标识别

针对含有残缺图像的遥感图像目标识别问题,提出一种基于旋转扩展和稀疏表示的目标识别方法.首先对训练集进行旋转扩展,使得测试图像能近似用训练集稀疏表示,然后通过求解一个l1范数最小化问题得到测试图像相对于训练集的一个稀疏表示,进而根据不同类对应的稀疏表示对测试图像的近似程度进行识别.与代表性的方法进行比较,实验结果与分析表明,该方法识别率优于已有方法,对残缺图像的识别有较好的鲁棒性,且在小样本、低采样率情况下也能保持较好的识别性能.     

对预警探测雷达模拟器目标分辨率模型的校验方法的研究

预警探测雷达模拟器目标分辨率设置会影响目标数量的探测,分辨率错误会产生与实体雷达不一致的虚警和漏警,影响预警探测雷达模拟器的逼真度。本文首先从理论上分析了对目标分辨率模型进行校核应该注意的几个方面,然后研究了用来测试验证目标分辨率模型的空情想定的设计方法,通过对预警探测雷达模拟器目标分辨率模型进行校验,可以有效提高模型的仿真效果。     

一种可扩展的soa服务质量描述模型

面向服务的架构已经成为软件产品开发和企业信息系统建设的主要技术和方法。随着具有相同或相似功能的服务日益增多,人们对于服务质量的关注随之增强。通过对SOA服务质量属性特征、特征的分类、QoS模型的现状进行研究,分析了SOA的服务质量研究面临的问题,并针对QoS的特点提出了一个QoS描述模型,该模型反映了SOA服务质量的多侧面、动态性的特点,支持灵活扩展和动态度量。