Effect of olive residue benzylation on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/olive residue composites

The changes in mechanical properties, the thermal stability, and the water absorption capacity of poly (vinyl chloride)/olive residue flour composites were studied as a function of various residue olive flour ratios, i.e., 0, 5, 15, and 25% by weight taking into account the effect of benzylation chemical treatment of the filler. The study showed that composite samples prepared with the untreated filler exhibited higher tensile modulus and hardness compared with the neat resin, whereas elongation and tensile strength were observed to decline. On the other hand, the PVC hardness was found to increase with addition of the untreated olive residue flour (ORF), however the composite samples prepared with the benzylated flour exhibited lower hardness than those prepared with untreated olive residue. Moreover, the amount of absorbed water depends on the amount of filler in the composite. The comparison of the results obtained from the samples of F5, F20, and F30 formulations between the untreated and treated ORF indicated a reduction in absorbed water for the composite samples containing treated ORF with benzyl chloride. As a result, the mechanical properties of the treated composites were improved. Furthermore, the thermal characterization of the different samples carried out by color change test and thermogravimetric analysis revealed an increase in the onset temperatures of decomposition for the treated composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Studies on jute–asphalt composites

The tensile properties of jute make it a suitable raw material for asphalt overlay (A/O) fabric. In this study, the thermal stability of jute under conditions of asphalt overlaying process was investigated and the compatibility of jute with asphalt was assessed through experimentation on jute–asphalt composites under mechanical and hygral loads. Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopic study revealed probable chemical bonding between jute and asphalt. The test for ascertaining the capability of asphalt encasement for protecting jute against biodegradation under enzymatic attack was found positive. A 6‐month hygral treatment, of the jute–asphalt composite, showed significant increase in modulus of the material. The results indicate that although the strength of jute deteriorates by about 10% under asphalt overlaying condition, the overall tensile behavior of jute fabric–asphalt composite material is considerably superior to that of the pure jute fabric, even under biological and extended hygral loading conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

基于基尼系数的Web社区稳定性度量

Web社区是互联网中自组织程度较高的部分,它不是一个孤立系统,而是一个耗散系统,很多时候涨落无法耗散摔,导致社区运行不稳定.基尼系数可以用来衡量Web社区稳定性,通过基尼系数的简易计算公式计算社区内部成员积分或者其它参数,可以得出Web社区稳定性的度量.该度量对于研究和利用Web社区具有重要参考意义.     

Mechanism of heat transport in nanofluids

We have calculated thermal conductivity of alumina nanofluids (with water and ethylene glycol as base fluids) using temperature as well as concentration-dependent viscosity, η. The temperature profile of η is obtained using Gaussian fit to the available experimental data. In the model, the interfacial resistance effects are incorporated through a phenomenological parameter α. The micro-convection of the alumina nanoparticle (diameter less than 100 nm) is included through Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. The model is further improved by explicitly incorporating the thermal conductivity of the nanolayer surrounding the nanoparticles. Using this improved model, thermal conductivity of copper nanofluid is calculated. These calculations capture the particle concentration-dependent thermal conductivity and predict the dependence of the thermal conductivity on the size of the nanoparticle. These studies are significant to understand the underlying processes of heat transport in nanofluids and are crucial to design superior coolants of next generation.     

燃气锅炉运行经济性探讨

文章在对国内现有燃气锅炉的设计参数及运行参数调查、分析的基础上，指出其效率不高的原因，提出了改进措施。     

Passivity Analysis of Dynamic Neural Networks with Different Time-scales

Dynamic neural networks with different time-scales include the aspects of fast and slow phenomenons. Some applications require that the equilibrium points of the designed networks are stable. In this paper, the passivity-based approach is used to derive stability conditions for dynamic neural networks with different time-scales. Several stability properties, such as passivity, asymptotic stability, input-to-state stability and bounded input bounded output stability, are guaranteed in certain senses. A numerical example is also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

Thermal Performance Analysis of Highly Reflective Coating on Residences in Hot and Arid Climates

A 1-D transient model (RESHEAT), developed by the writers, was used to study the thermal performance of a highly reflective paint applied sequentially to the outer walls and roof of a simulated residence in a hot and arid region of the southwestern United States. The model uses climatological inputs from a file that includes hourly data on ambient temperatures, insolation, cloud cover, and so on, at the particular location. The model focuses particularly on the potential cooling load reduction due to the reduced heat pickup from the inside attic surfaces to the outer surfaces of the supply duct. This simulation showed that a reduction of 33.6% (cooling load) on the average is achieved over the base case where no reflective paint is used when the outer surface of the roof and walls are painted. Alternatively, only a 11% reduction would be achieved if the reflective paint is applied only to the roof. Savings of $42 per month are conservatively estimated from calculations made when applying this technology to a typical residence (roof and walls) equipped with a 4 ton refrigeration unit in the Southwest.     

阿曼Daleel油田分支井钻井液技术研究

对Daleel油田作业5区三分支水平井DL-59井井下复杂情况分析,室内测定了引起复杂情况的Nahr Umr泥页岩地层的矿物组分和粘土矿物含量,优选了适应在该泥页岩地层215.9 mm造斜井段的钻井液配方中的各种处理剂,最后研制出钻井液配方,通过DL-73井应用后,取得了良好的防塌效果.     

Effect of plate aspect ratio on the recovery of deuterium from water-isotope mixture in flat-plate thermal diffusion columns with transverse sampling streams

The optimal plate aspect ratios for the best recovery of deuterium from water-isotope mixture in flat-plate thermal diffusion columns with transverse sampling streams have been determined. The maximum recovery and maximum production rate are achieved without changing the total expenditure, while the design with minimum plate surface area results in minimizing the total expense.